Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Child and Family > Normal and Abnormal Labour > Flashcards

Normal and Abnormal Labour Flashcards

1
Q

Define Labour

A

The process by which the products of conception are expelled from the uterine cavity after 24 weeks gestation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define the boundaries of the 1st stage of labour

A

Regular uterine contractions- full dilatation of the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define the boundaries of the 2nd stage of labour

A

Full dilatation of the cervix- delivery of the baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define the boundaries of the 3rd stage of labour

A

Delivery of the baby- delivery of the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What processes are involved in the stage pre-labour?

A

Remodelling of the cervical connective tissue and preparation of the myometrium?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Descibe the preparation of the myometrium for labour

A

Increased gap junction formation
Prostaglandin production
Increased PG/oxytocin receptors
Influx of inflammatory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is thought to be the trigger for labour?

A

Local progesterone withdrawal

Pro-contractile factors and decreased suppression of uterine actvity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Braxton-Hicks contractions?

A

Infrequent low intensity contractions during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to myometrial fibres during labour?

A

They shorten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens to lower uterine segment during labour?

A

Stretches, thins and the junction between the upper and lower segment rises (retraction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do contractions begin?

A

The left side of the uterine fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which shape of pelvis is most favourable for labour?

A

Gynecoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the purpose of the sutures on the foetal skull?

A

Allow bones to move and overlap during labour (moulding) reducing diameter of foetal skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the motion of the baby?

A

Descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, crowning, restitution, delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is labour diagnosed?

A

Regular painful uterine contraction producing effacement and dilatation of the cervix
Bloody stained mucus
Membrane rupture
Confirmed by vaginal examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What position should the baby’s head be in during crowning?

A

flexed

17
Q

How long should the 3rd stage of labour take?

A

5-10mins

>30 mins is abnormal, risk of PPH

18
Q

State 3 signs of placental separation.

A

Show of blood, lengthening of umbilical cord, elecation of fundus

19
Q

What types of analgesia/anaesthesia can be used in labour?

A 
Support
Massage/relaxation techniques
Inhalational agents- entonox
TENS
Water immersion
IM opiate analgesia (morphine)
IM remifentanil
Regional anaesthesia (epidural, spinal anaesthesia)
20
Q

What are the complications of epidural anaesthesia?

A

Hypotension, dural puncture, headache, atonic bladder, backache

21
Q

How do you assess progress in labour?

A

Cervical dilatation
Descent of presenting part
Signs of obstruction
Distance from ischium

22
Q

At what point is delay suspected during the first stage of labour?

A

Nulliparous: <2cm dilatation in 4hrs or slowing in progress

23
Q

What is assessed in a partogram?

A 
Foetal heart
Amniotic fluid
Cervical dilatation
Descent
Contractions
Obstruction/moulding
Maternal observations
24
Q

Risk factors for foetal hypoxia

A 
Small for dates foetus
pre/post dates
Antepartum haemorrhage
preelampsia
diabetes
meconium
epidural analgesia
vaginal birth after c-section
sepsis
induction/augmentation of labour
25
Q

Causes of acute foetal distress

A 
Abruption 
Vasa praevia
Cord prolapse
Uterine rupture
Feto-maternal haemorrhage
Uterine hyperstimulation
Regional Anaesthesia
26
Q

1 cause of sub-acute foetal distress

A

hypoxia

27
Q

When are decelerations on a CTG worrying?

A

If they are deep, prolonged or after a contraction

28
Q

How should foetal distress be managed?

A 
Change maternal position
IV fluids
Maternal O2
Stop syntocin
Consider tocolysis- terbutaline
Maternal assessment
Foetal blood sampling
Operative delivery
29
Q

What is normal foetal blood sampling pH

A

> 7.25

30
Q

What are the indications for operative vaginal delivery?

A 
Failure to progress in stage 2
Foetal distress
Maternal cardiac disease
Severe PET/Eclampsia
Intra-partum haemorrhage
Umbilical cord prolapse (stage 2)
31
Q

How long should stage 2 of labour last without epidural?

A

Primigravida: 2h
Parous: 1h

32
Q

How long should stage 2 of labour last with an epidural?

A

Primigravida: 3h
Parous: 2h

33
Q

What are the indications for a caesarian section?

A 
Previous CS
Foetal Distress
Failure to progress in labour
Breech presentation
Maternal request

Child and Family (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions