Normal and abnormal function of the Basal Ganglia- Parkinson's, Huntington's, Tourette's

Question 1

What do the basal ganglia do

Answer 1

Receives sensory and motor cortical information and helps plan movement by feeding back to the cortex via the thalamus through a direct (excitatory;enabling movement) and indirect (inhibitory) pathway

Question 2

What does the cerebellum do in motor system

Answer 2

receives information from the body and assists with dynamic coordination of movement, balance and posture

Question 3

what do basal ganglia also do

Answer 3

Prevent unwanted movement, involved in learning movement and associated reward

Question 4

What can injury to or CNs dysfunction of the basal ganglia cause

Answer 4

abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesias) or postures (akinesias) in which patients may be rigid or struggle to move

Question 5

What are the two pathways of the basal ganglia to the cortex

Answer 5

Direct (excitatory;enabline movement)

Indirect (inhibitory)

Question 6

What are the 3 main structures of the basal ganglia

Answer 6

Corpus striatum

Subthalamic nucleus

Substantia nigra

Question 7

what is the corpus striatum

Answer 7

Collective name given to the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus within the basal ganglia

Question 8

What are the parts of the Lentiform nucleus

Answer 8

Putamen

Globus pallidus

Question 9

What are the parts of the Globus pallid us

Answer 9

Internal

External

Question 10

Structure of Corpus striatum

Answer 10

Corpus striatum

• caudate nucleus
• Lentiform nucleus
  
  • Putamen
  • Globus pallidus
    
    • internal
    • external

Question 11

Structure of the Substantia nigra

Answer 11

Pars reticulata

Pars compacta

Question 12

Where does the Striatum receive input from

Answer 12

Glutamergic afferents

• corticostriatal
• thalamostriatal

dopaminergic
-nigrostriatal

Question 13

What are the two GABAergic efferents (outputs)

Answer 13

striatonigral

Striatopallidal

Question 14

What is the striatum composed of

What does it receive input from

Answer 14

GABAergic (inhibitory) medium spiny neurons and

receives glutamatergic (excitatory) input from the cortex

and

dopaminergic input from the substantial nigra

Question 15

What does the striatum send to the globes pallidus and the substantia nigra

What does this result in

Answer 15

GABAergic output

results in differential modification of movement (direct and indirect pathways) via the thalamus