Normal Anatomy of the Breast Flashcards
Development of Breast:
- Mammary crests or ridges appear during _th week
- These crests extend from _______ region to ________ region
- The crests usually _______ except in the _______ region
- Primary mammary buds – Secondary buds – lactiferous ducts and their branches
4
axillary
inguinal
disappear
pectoral
_________ sexual feature of females
Secondary
Source of ________ for the neonates
nutrition
Present in a ________ form in males
rudimentary
Site of __________ change in as many as 1 in 10 women
malignant
Breast - What are the General features?
- Modified and highly specialized sweat glands
- No special capsule or sheath
- Both Males & females have breasts
- Well developed in females
- Breast size and shape result from genetic,racial, and dietary factors
what is the extent of the breast?
Extent: Vertical: 2nd or 3rd rib – 6th rib
what are the transverse boundaries of the breast?
Transverse: Sternal edge to midaxillary line
the breast Lies on the ____ _______ _____
deep pectoral fascia
Axillary tail (of spence) or process – what is it?
a small part of breast may extend towards axillary fossa
Retromammary space (bursa) – what is it?
helps some degree of movement
what are the breast relations?
- 2/3rd of the breast rests on the pectoral fascia covering pectoralis major
- 1/3rd of the breast rests on the fascia covering serratus anterior
- Firmly attached to the dermis by suspensory ligament of cooper – help support the lobules of the gland
Breast strucutre:
what is the nipple?
Prominence of the breast
Breast strucutre:
what is the areola?
Pigmented area around the nipple
Breast strucutre:
Each breast contains 15-20 _______ of glandular tissue (_________)
lobules
parenchyma
Breast strucutre:
Each lobule is drained by a _________ _____ – opens independently on the nippl
lactiferous duct
what are the breast quadrants?
- For anatomical location and description of pathology (cysts and tumours) the breast is divided into 4 quadrants.
- The axillary tail is an extension of breast tissue in the supero-lateral quadrant
what is the male breast like?
- Rudimentary throughout life
- Formed by small ducts without lobules or alveoli
- Little supporting fibroadipose tissue
- Temporary enlargement in newborn & during puberty
what is the blood supply of the breast?
Supplied by Branches of axillary artery, internal thoracic, and some intercostal arteries
- Thoraco acromial artery
- Lateral thoracic artery
- Internal mammary (thoracic) artery
what is the nerve supply of the breast?
- Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4-6th intercostal nerves
- They convey sensory fibers to the skin of the breast
- They also carry sympathetic fibres to the blood vessels and to the smooth muscle around the nipple
what is the lymphatic drianage of the breast?
- Great clinical significance because metastatic dissemination occurs primarily by the lymphatic routes
- Breast lymphatics branch extensively and do not contain valves
- Most lymph (more than 75%) from lateral quadrants – axillary lymph nodes
- Some lymph may drain directly to supraclavicular or inferior cervical nodes
- Lymph from medial quadrants – parasternal or to opposite breast
Role of sentinel lymph node (first draining node) biopsy – Breast Cancer
- Lymphatic mapping & staging of patients
- A radiolabelled colloid is used to locate the sentinel node
- At the time of surgery, a vital blue dye is injected
- Combination of rodioisotope and dye provides most accurate means of localizing the node
Find out if the cancer is in the sential node then you know it is localised and good prognosis
Breast Soft Tissue:
- Made up of _____ which contains a network of _______ tissue consisting of branching ducts and secretory lobules in a connective tissue stroma.
- The terminal duct lobular unit is the functional ____ secretory component of the breast
- The connective tissue stroma that surrounds the lobules is _____ and fibrocollagenous, whereas intralobular tissue has a _____ texture
lobes
glandular
milk
dense
loose
what is the histology of a normal breast?
- Extensive branching duct system
- Surrounded by dense fibrous interlobular tissue (F) & adipose tissue (A)
- Ducts & acini are lined by two layers of cells – Luminal epithelial cells (E) & myoepithelial cells (M) (Myoepithelial cells are the contracting cells and squeeze secretion from the acini)
what are Breast like during pregnancy?
Lo – Lobules
S – Septa
A- Acini
E- Epithelial cells
- Enlarged lobules
- Acini are dilated
- Epithelium vary from cuboidal to low columnar
what is the histology of a lactating breast like?
- Acini distended with milk
- Thin septa (S) between the lobules
- At higher magnification (b) – Acini with eosinophilic material containing clear vacuoles
- Milk production – Suckling -Neurohormonal reflex –Prolactin & Oxytocin
what are some diagnostic methods?
- Imaging –Mammography and Ultrasound
- Fine needle aspiration cytology
- Core biopsy
picture showing abnormal breast
how common is breats cancer?
- 20% of all cancers in women
- Commonest cause of death in women in 35-55 age group
- In UK, any woman has a 1in 9 chance of developing breast cancer
