Human Fertility and InfertilityPart 1- Fertility and Natural conception Flashcards
Human fertility:
Inefficient reproductive system compared to other ________
Conception per cycle :__% at the peak
Declines with ___
mammals
20
age (Peak is from 20-30 years old)
what is the Natural expectation of pregnancy?
80% of couple trying will get pregnant in a year
2 year mark 90% of couples will get pregnant if no underlying problems
what is ovarian reserve?
term that is used to determine the capacity of the ovary to provide egg cells that are capable of fertilization resulting in a healthy and successful pregnancy
Age matters-Ovarian reserve
Egg count/numbers is determined at birth
Pre-determined egg number women are born with
As well as a decline in egg number there is a decline in egg quality
Lower chance of pregnancy and higher chance of miscarriage with female age
Ovarian reserve and female age are the biggest natural factors affecting fertility
Can we predict decline in fertility?
no
Plan Ahead
Fertility test
Conception - what steps needs to happen for it to occur/what are the steps of conception?
Ovulation
Sperm production
Fertilization
Implantation
Key factors needed for conception to happen - 4 key steps that need to be in order
what is the Hypothalamo-pituitary- gonadal axis?
shows Hormone control of ovulation
Ovulation happens due to __ surge and after ovulation progesterone goes up
Measure ___________ to see if ovulation happened
LH
progesterone
Both of these happen and act to create an ____________ suitable for pregnancy
endometrium
what is involved in sperm production?
Fertilization happen in ________ _____ and needs to be _____ for a normal pregnancy
fallopian tube
patent
picture showing tubal transport and implantation
natural conception replies on what?
- Functioning hormonal axis and gonads
- Ovarian reserve
- Regular ovulation
- Normal sperm production
- Fertilization- egg and sperm interaction and patent fallopian tubes
- Normal uterine cavity for implantation
If any abnormal function in any of these then there will be fertility issues
what are some lifestyle factors that may effect fertility?
All can affect fertility in males or females:
- Age
- BMI - If female is obese then eggs may not work and function well
- Smoking (can accelerate decline in ovarian reserve)
- Alcohol
- Recreational drug use
- Stress - Stress not proven but thought it may cause fertility issues
