Normal Anatomy Of Pelvis

Question 1

What are the 5 true pelvic muscles?

Answer 1

Levator ani, coccygeus, obturator internus, piriformis, iliopsoas

Question 2

What are the 3 uterine ligaments?

Answer 2

Broad, round, cardinal

Question 3

What are the names of the uterine arteries?

Answer 3

Arcuate, radial, straight, spiral

Question 4

What are the 3 layers of the uterus and the 2 layers of the endometrium?

Answer 4

Serosa, myometrium, endometrium.
Basal layer and functional layer.

Question 5

What are the 5 segments of the fallopian tube?

Answer 5

Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, and fimbria

Question 6

What occurs days 1-14 of the ovary?

Answer 6

The follicular phase of ovary.
Pituitary gland releases FSH which stimulates dominant follicle to mature and produce estrogen which thickens the endometrium.

Question 7

What occurs day 14 of ovary?

Answer 7

Ovulation.
Peak in estrogen levels cause the pituitary gland to release the LH surge which ruptures the dominant follicle and releases the egg.

Question 8

What occurs day 15-28 of the ovary?

Answer 8

Luteal phase of ovary.
Ruptured dominant follicle is now the corpus luteum and secretes progesterone which maintains thickness of endometrium.

Question 9

What occurs day 1-14 of endometrium?

Answer 9

Menstrual phase.
Menses first and then proliferative phases.
(Early proliferative - thin and echogenic)
(Late proliferative - 3 line sign)

Question 10

What occurs day 15-28 of endometrium?

Answer 10

Secretory phase.
Progesterone maintains thickness to prepare for implantation.

Question 11

What are the 6 congenital malformations of the uterus due to incomplete/abnormal/lack of formation of paired Müllerian ducts?

Answer 11

Arcuate - normal contour, slight indentation of endometrium.

Bicornuate - concave contour, 1 endometrium that divides into 2 at fundus

Subseptate - normal contour, 2 separate endometriums

Septate - concave contour, 2 separate endometriums

Didelphys - lack of fusion. 2 uterus, 2 cervix, 2 vaginas

Unicornuate - lack of formation of one duct. One single horn

Question 12

What are the 2 congenital malformations of the vagina?

Answer 12

Vaginal atresia - absent/closed vagina (hydrometra or hematometra)

Imperforate hymen - closed hymen (hydrocolpos, hydrometracolpos, hematometracolpos)