nontypical cell walls

Question 1

acid fast bacteria

Answer 1

mycobacterium and norcardia contain peptidoglycan and stain gram-positive, but bulk of cell wall is composed of unique lipids

Question 2

acid fast bacteria

myocolic acid

Answer 2

very long chain fatty acid thick and waxy

found in cell walls of acid fast bacteria

contributes to the pathogenicity of the bacteria

makes bacteria highly resistant to certain chemicals and dyes

Question 3

mycoplasmas and other cell wall deficient bacteria

mycoplasmas

Answer 3

naturally lack a cell wall

sterold in the cell membrane stabilize the cell against lysis

mycoplasma pneumoniae: walking pneumonia

Question 4

nontypical cell walls

archaea

Answer 4

exhibit unusual and chemically distinc cell walls

some have cell walls composed entirely of polysaccharides

others have cell walls made of pure protein

all lack true peptidoglycan structure

some lack a cell wall entirely

Question 5

cytoplasmic membrane structure

Answer 5

a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded

serves as a site for:
energy reactions

nutrient processing

regulates transport of nutrients and wastes

controls what goes in and out of cell

selectively permeable: special carrier mechanisms for passage of most molecules

Question 6

prokaryotic plasma membrane

Answer 6

peripheral proteins

integral proteins

hopanoids

Question 7

peripheral proteins

Answer 7

loosely associated with the membrane; easily removed

often play role in enzymatic reactions

Question 8

integral proteins

Answer 8

embedded within the membrane; not easily removed

structural components for transport/secretion and respiration

Question 9

hopanoids

Answer 9

embedded within the membrane

steroid like chains that provide a flexible but rigid framework for the membrane

Question 10

outer membrane of gram negative bacteria contributes an extra

Answer 10

barrier

resistant to certain antimicrobial chemicals

more difficult to inhibit or kill than gram positive bacteria

Question 11

alcohol based compounds dissolve lipids in the outer membrane and therefore damage the cell:

Answer 11

alcohol swabs used to cleanse the skin before certain medical procedures

Question 12

treatment of infections caused by gram negative bacteria requires

Answer 12

drugs that can cross the outer membrane

Question 13

the cytoplasm

Answer 13

70-80% of water

complex mixture of sugars, amino acids, and salts

Question 14

plasmids

Answer 14

nonessential pieces of DNA

confer protective traits such as drug resistance and toxin and enzyme production

Question 15

ribosomes

Answer 15

site of protein synthesis

composed of rRNA (60%) and protein (40%)

consist of large and small subunit