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Pathology Block 9 > Nonspecific Patient Presentations > Flashcards

Nonspecific Patient Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

Identify when providers tend to become concerned with fatigue and weight loss

A

Fatigue is normal unless persistent
Unintentional weight loss

Unintentional weight loss can suggest serious physical/psychological

Fatigue can be affected by many psychological and physical causes

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2
Q

Threshold for a high fever

A

Temp about 99 (morning) and 100 at night

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3
Q

What are the two proinflammatory cytokines

A

IL-1 is the big player in fever

TNF

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4
Q

Chronic fatigue

A

Epstein bar infection, generalizes pain

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5
Q

Alarm flag for weight loss

A

Losing a lot of weight unintentionally

Depression, anorexia nervous, bulimia, disease of any organ system

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6
Q

If someone is peeing a lot and they are losing weight unintentionally

A

Diabetes

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7
Q

What arachidonic acid prostaglandin is related to fever

A

PGE2

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8
Q

The three criteria used to define fever of unknown origin (FUO)

A
  • illness for at least 3 weeks
  • Temp above 101
  • failure to diagnosis after three outpatient visit is or three days of hospitalization
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9
Q

Fever less than 102

A

Low grade fever

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10
Q

Fever above 102

A

High grade fever

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11
Q

High fever for newborn

A

99

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12
Q

Top three causes of FUO

A

Infection
Neoplasm
Autoimmune disorders

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13
Q

Headache warning signs that always point to a serious underlying condition

A

Visual loss
Disequilibrium
Confusion or lethargy
New onset seizure

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14
Q

Cancer that causes FUO

A

Lymphoma

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15
Q

Giant cell arteritis

A

Nodular and can impede blood flow, can impact the eyes and cause loss of vision. Can cause claudication, which is pain produced by lack of blood flow.

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16
Q

Who is most likely to get migraines

A

Young women

17
Q

Pain of migraine

A

Throbbing or pulsation, evolves

18
Q

Laterality of migraine

A

Typically unilateral, but can alternate sides

19
Q

How long do migraines last

A

Typically 4-72 hours and aggravated by physical activity

20
Q

Who is affected by tension headaches

A

All ages and genders

21
Q

When do tension headaches occur

A

Generally occur late in day on weekdays

22
Q

How long to tension headaches last

A

30min to 1 week

May be worse with stress and precede a migraine

23
Q

Distribution of tension headaches

A

Present with band-like distribution with varying intensities

24
Q

What is really aggravating to migraines

A

Light

25
Q

Who is affected by cluster HA

A

Middle aged men

Smokers and drinkers

26
Q

Laterality of cluster HA

A

Unilateral usually- orbital or temporal

27
Q

What is unique about cluster HA

A

Wakes people up

28
Q

Duration of cluster HA

A

Generally 1-2 attacks per day, lasting less than an hour

29
Q

Suicide headache

A

Cluster HA

30
Q

These HA often present with red eyes and/or nasal stuffiness

A

Cluster HA

31
Q

This type of HA may cause transient or permanent ipsilateral Hornets syndrome

A

Cluster HA

32
Q

Pre=ganglionic or pst-ganglionic lesion in sympathetic nervous system pathway from hypothalamic to eye-abnormal pupil is miotic (larger in pupil size between eyes in dark)

A

Hornets Syndrome

33
Q

Why should giant cell arteritis be treated with steroids immediately? (Prednisone)

A

Can go blind

34
Q

Who gets temporal arteritis

A

Occurs in pts over 60

35
Q

Pain in temporal arteritis

A

Present with pain in temporal scalp area, jabbing neck pain, jaw claudication, and fever

36
Q

This HA is a medical emergency

A

Temporal arteritis

37
Q

Medium large arteries are inflamed, many present blindness

A

Temporal arteritis

38
Q

Cause HA in all ages, interrupt sleep, cause nausea, vomiting, and visual changes, steadily become more severe, tend to be worse in morning

A

Brain tumors

39
Q

Stroke FAST

A

FACE: paralyzed?
ARMS: can they hold them both out and parallel to the ground
SPEECH: is their speech slurred
TIME: is critical, get them to a hospital immediately

Pathology Block 9 (5 decks)

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