Nonono

Question 1

Binding pairs for COIP

Answer 1

GST: glutathione
Nickle: histidine
Streptavidin: biotin

Question 2

Formula for max resolution

Answer 2

Lamda / 2

Question 3

Forward genetics

Answer 3

Start with a desired phenotype and mutate a bunch of genes to see what happens

Question 4

Reverse genetics

Answer 4

Mutate gene already chose to see the new phenotype and determine original phenotype

Question 5

Cell fractionation via centrifuge.

Answer 5

Starts slowest: first pellet : whole cells, nuclei, cytoskeleton) medium ( mitochondria lysosomes and peroxosomes) fast ( microsomes and small vessicles / everything else small)

Question 6

Velocity sedimentation

Answer 6

Uses sucrose base gradient which allows to further seperate after cell fractions

The fast sedement are more dense and go to the bottom first ie gel

Question 7

What influences rigidity

Answer 7

Tail length, tail saturation, temperature.

Cholesterol helps mediate

Question 8

Possible movement of phospholipids

Answer 8

Flexión: everyday movement constant
Lateral diffusion: changing spots with neighbors
Rotation: rotation in same spot
Flip flop: rare goes from one side to other side of membrane

Question 9

What makes tail longer or shorter

Answer 9

Long tails (saturated)
Short tails ( unsaturated)

Question 10

How to tell if transmembrane domain

Answer 10

20+ amino acid length (will be obvious)

Question 11

How is protein mobility restricted

Answer 11

Scaffold proteins/ other cells
Fences
Seek to avoid or not leave lipid rafts

Question 12

Transmembrane / peripheral proteins

Answer 12

Types of trans
Single pass (1 alpha helix) n terminus can be either side

Multiple pass ( more then one alpha)

Beta baroll ( hydrophobic beta sheet makes a channel through a membrane)

Peripheral
Anchored proteins ( via amphipathic alpha helix or post translation modified group added)

Auxiliaries don’t bind directly but bind to protiens bound to the membrane

Question 13

Slowest step in actin poly

Answer 13

Nucleation waiting to form tetromer which is heavily regulated throughout the cell

Question 14

Actin is a what ase

Answer 14

ATPase
As actin becomes old it moves down and taken off negative end and atp is changed to ADP

Question 15

Cofilin

Answer 15

Causes breakage in actin and speeds up minus end disassembly
Lines sides

Question 16

Tropomyosin

Answer 16

Stabilizes actin by lining sides of the filament

Inadvertently speeds up polymerazation

Question 17

Formin

Answer 17

Mediates and promotes actin nucleation and elongation has arms to grab and put in place

Question 18

Capz

Answer 18

Binds to plus end and prevents additions

Question 19

Tropomodulin

Answer 19

Caps the - end prevents subtraction treadmill

Question 20

Arp 2/3

Answer 20

Branching of actin filaments at 70

Question 21

Thymosine

Answer 21

Binds to g actin and prevents it from getting added on

Question 22

Profilin

Answer 22

Binds to g actin and makes it more likely to bind to plus end

Question 23

Higher order actin structures

Answer 23

Bundle : multiple filaments stuck together

Cross linking ( intersections of actin not caused by 2/3)

Anchoring (bound to a surface and give strength)

Branching ( caused by 2/3)

Question 24

Microtubule ase
And cytoskeleton structure

Answer 24

GTP
Beta over alpha
Spiral
13 circle

Question 25

Microtubule proteins that assist in nucleation

Answer 25

Gama Tusc : makes 7 copy spiral that can be built off of

Question 26

Centrioles structure

Answer 26

Have a triplet 13 10 10 9 triplets around a sas 6 core

Question 27

Cilia flagella

Answer 27

Doublet microtubules 13 10 ring 9 doubles around two single 13 rings inside

Question 28

Centresomes mtoc

Answer 28

Two centrioles at 90 angle Surrounded by pericentriolar material Which is where gama tubulin rings like turc are which inciate nucleation

Question 29

MAPS

Answer 29

Stabilize microtubule by binding along sides helps prevent catastrophic

Question 30

Kinesin 13

Answer 30

Induces catastrophic and dissemble of micro tube plus side

Question 31

XMAP 215

Answer 31

Stabilizes plus end and accelerates assembly

Question 32

Y turc

Answer 32

Gamma tubulin ring nucleares assembly and remains on minus end

Question 33

Y tusc

Answer 33

Small complex form together rot make 13 slots to help nucleation to occur

Question 34

Can intermediate filaments form dimers

Answer 34

Yes yes they can

Question 35

What makes intermediate filiaments replaceable

Answer 35

Phosphorylation

Question 36

Protofilament

Answer 36

Monomer that come together to make diner protofibrals Can be added on at both sides

Question 37

Keratins

Answer 37

Epithelium IF Give strength

Question 38

Neuro filaments

Answer 38

Help the axon grow Streagth en crosssection

Question 39

Nestin

Answer 39

Also in neuron Helps to maintain width IF

Question 40

Lamins

Answer 40

Makes a mesh framework in nucleus IF

Question 41

Vimentin

Answer 41

Involved in cell signals / tight junction IF

Question 42

Dynein

Answer 42

Processive Minus end MT

Question 43

Kinesin

Answer 43

Processive Plus end MT

Question 44

Myosin 1

Answer 44

Non processive Plus ended (Vessicles transport)

Question 45

Myosin 2

Answer 45

(Non processive ) Plus end Muscle contraction

Question 46

Myosin 5

Answer 46

Processive plus end motor Involved in vessicles trans

Question 47

Myosin 6

Answer 47

Processive minus end Vessicle trans

Question 48

Hemidesmosmes

Answer 48

Use integrins Like intermediate filaments Via integrin dimers and plectin adapters Cell to matrix junction Laminin and collagen

Question 49

Focal adhesión

Answer 49

Use integrins Link integrin dimers to actin through talin and vinculin Cell to matrix

Question 50

Desmosomes

Answer 50

Uses cadherins Bound to Inter fill via plaques Cell to cell jubction laminin and collagen

Question 51

Adherins junctions

Answer 51

Use cadherins bound to actin via alpha beta catenins And vinculin (adapting protien) Cell to cell jubction)

Question 52

How are integrins activated

Answer 52

RAP1 which is a GTPase Binds RIAM and recruits adapter proteins Active not holding hands Inactive holding hands

Question 53

Cadherin activation

Answer 53

Adhering that bind in the presence of Ca Most are homophonic

Question 54

Tight junctions

Answer 54

Made up of Claudins and occludins Make a ring around the cell and make a tight seal Don’t bind to cytoskeleton And therefore can’t help tissue strength but instead fill gap

Question 55

Who do snoRNPs do

Answer 55

They methylate and pseudouridylation something

Question 56

Order of 45s maturation

Answer 56

Chemistry change by snoRna and then cleaved into 3 parts 28s 5.8s to 60s 18s to 40s 5 s goes to 60 but made elsewhere

Question 57

Space between 2 lipid layers of nucleus

Answer 57

Peri nuclear space Lumen of ER

Question 58

The nucleolis location and structure

Answer 58

Mostly euchromatin with ribosome portiens and chaperone proteins It is fused with nuclear membrane

Question 59

Linc complex

Answer 59

Outside Nesprin2: which interacts with cytoskeleton Emerin sun : forms link From inside to outside and incudes nuclear lamina which binds transcription depressors Enron and sun also bind BAF BAF binds to chromatin

Question 60

How do lamins affect transcription what proteins are close by

Answer 60

They form chromosome scaffold to hold dna at specific places which impacts the amount of transcription that occurs in a certain region. Holds lamin A B1 B2 C and forms a network and is part of linc complex