NonFermenting and Misellaneous Gram-Neg Bacilli Flashcards
Most of the enteronacteriacae in this chapter are oxidase ___,
grow on ___ agar, and oxidize ___
oxidase positive,
grow on MacConkey agar, and oxidize glucose;
NONFERMENTING AND MISELLANEOUS GRAM-
NEGATIVE BACILLI
Withstand the treatments with
Chlorhexidine and Quartenary Ammonium Compounds
Agar used in biochemical test to determine fermenters and non fermenters
TSIA or Kligler iron agar (KIA)
A fermenter typically produces an ___ on TSIA or KIA within 18 hours of incubation
acid (yellow) butt with an acid or alkaline (red) slant
A nonfermenter produces __ in the butt and slant or may produce an _ slant.
no change in butt, alkaline (red) slant
Pseudomonas morphology
‘Gram-negative bacillus or coccopacilus
Pseudomonas motility
Motile, usually with polar flagellum or polar tuft of flagella
• blue phenazine pigment that contributes to the characteristic green color of P. aeruginosa, damages cells by producing reactive oxygen species.
Pyocyanin
pseudomonas are oxidase and catalase _
Positive
Pseudomonas fluorescent group, which includes P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. veronii, P. mosselii, and P. monteilii produce
Pyoverdin
is water soluble and fluoresces under short-wavelength ultraviolet ligh
Pyoverdin
Most strains of P. aeruginosa will also produce the blue, water-soluble pigment called
Pyocyanin
other water soluble pigments occasionally produced I by strains of P. aeruginosa.
pyorubin (red) and pyomelanin (brown or black).
Other key characteristics of P. aeruginosa include :
- denitrification of _
-positive for _
- growth at _
- _ positivity
- _ utilization
- denitrification of nitrates to nitrite
-positive for r arginine dihydrolase (ADH) - growth at 42°C,
- citrate positivity
- acetamide utilization
is a selective and differential medium for the identification of P. aeruginosa.
Cetrimide agar
acts as a detergent and inhibits most bacteria; the medium also enhances the production of the two pigments produced by P. aeruginosa.
Cetrimide
No other nonfermentative, gram-negative
bacillus produces __, so its presence can be used to specifically identify P. aeruginosa
Pyocyanin
Pseudomonas has a strictly - metabolism
Aerobic
Acinetobacter spp. Appear as ___ or __ on gram stain
gram-negative coccobacilli or gram-negative cocci
Acinetobacter organisms can resist decolonization and retain the ___ leading to misidentification.
crystal violet stain
Acinetobacter spp. are plump coc-cobacilli that tend to resist alcohol decolorization, thus
sometimes appearing
Gram positive
Colonies of acinetobacter appear as Smooth, opaque, raised, creamy, and smaller than Enterobacterales;
some genospecies are beta-hemolytic on what agar
Trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood
The genus acinetobacter is divided into two groups
saccharolytic, asaccharolytic
Glucose oxidizing
saccharolytic
non-glucose-utilizing
e asaccharolytic
Most glucose-oxidizing nonhemolytic strains were previously identified as
A. baumannii,
most non-glucose-utilizing, nonhemolytic strains were designated as
Acetobacter iwoffi
beta-hemolytic strains are identified as
Acinetobacter haemolyticus
is an oxidase-negative, nonfermentative, gram-negative bacillus
stenotrophomonas maltophilia
S. maltophilia oxidize ___ faster than glucose
Maltose
s. Maltophilia I can produce a __ pigment on ___agar that contains ___.
brown pigment pigment on brain-heart infusion agar that contains tyrosine.
medium that produces purplish hue in acinetobacter spp
MAC agar
an oxidase-negative, nonfermentative, gram-negative bacillus.
S. maltophilia
S. maltophilia Colonies may appear bluish on
MAC agar
Which organism has large, smooth, glistening colonies
with a lavender pigment and smells like ammonia?
s. maltophilia
Culture media for s. Maltophilia
BAP, MAC
positive biochem test for s. maltophilia
Catalase, esculin, gelatin, hydrolysis, DNase, and LDC
Antimicrobial Test: s maltophilia
Broth Microdilution and E-test
B. Cepacia cause the media to undergo a color change from
red-orange to yellow.
Burkholderia cepacia complex colonies on OFPBL agar change in color from ___because of the acidic pH caused by the utilization of lactose
green to yellow
used to isolate B. pseudom-allei when melioidosis is suspect.
Ashdown medium
b. Mallei morphology
Coccobacillus
b. Pseudomallei morphology
small gram-negative rod with bipolar staining.
Colonies of b. Cepacia are -and this trait may be used to differentiate isolates from P. stutzeri,
Non wrinkled
B. cepacia produce a __ pigment
nonfluorescing yellow or green
often produces a weak, slow, positive oxidase reaction
b cepacia
B. cepacia strains oxidize
Glucose, maltose, lactose, mannitol
BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA Biochemical Tests:
weak positive oxidase reaction, (+) LDC and ONPG, most (+) ODC
Burkholderia cepacia are mobile by means of
polar tufts of flagella
Burkholderia mallei causes
Glanders
nonmotile, gram-negative coccobacillus that produces nonpigmented colonies in 2 days.
B. mallei
B. mallei morphology
is a nonmotile, gram-negative coccobacillus
b mallei growth on __ and is variable
MAC agar and oxidase production
b mallei oxidizes __
Glucose
b mallei is ADH __ Arginine dihydrolase and Reduces nitrates to __
positive, reduces nitrates to nitrites
Burkholderia pseudomallei causes
melioidosis/vietnamese timebomb
Burkholderia pseudomallei demonstrates _ on Gram-stained smears.
bipolar staining
Selective medium used for melioidosis that are deep pink
Ashdown medium with colistin
The plant pathogen, Burkholderia gladioli resembles
B. cepacia complex
Burkholderia gladioli produces __ pigment especially after 48 to 72 hours of incubation.
Yellow pigment
B. gladioli grows on
MAC agar
B. gladioli is difficult without the use of - for confirmation
molecular tools
Alcaligenes faecalis and Achromobacter spp. possess ___ flagella
peritrichous flagella flagella
Alcaligenes and Achromobacter usually grow well on most laboratory media, including
MAC agar.
Alcaligenes faecalis in sheep blood agar appears as
Feather-edged colonies usually surrounded by zone of green discoloration
Alcaligenes faecalis produce a highly characteristic odor
fruity odor resembling apples or strawberries
grows in 6.5 NaCl broth
Alcaligenes faecalis
Aerobic rod appears in coccoid shape.
Oligella spp
genus Oligella comprises two asaccharolytic small coccobacilli species
O. ureolytica and O. urethralis.
oligella spp motility
O. URETHRALIS (-)
O. UREOLTICA (+)
Olligella oxidase test
O. URETHRALIS (+)
O. UREOLTICA (+)
Oligella spp urease test
O. URETHRALIS (-)
O. UREOLTICA (+)
procedure for detection of moraxella
Gram stain
Moraxella lacunato appear as
coccobacilli or medium-sized rod.
grow well 5% sheep blood and chocolate agars.
Moraxella spp.
Moraxella lacunata appearance on sheep blood agar
Small gray to white colonies that pit the agar
Moraxella lacunata on CHOC agar
Form dark halos
moraxella lacunata on MAC
no growth
Chromobacterium violaceum is motile for
polar flagella
Chromobacterium violaceum produces a violet pigment about 91% of the time called
violacein
Chromobacterium violaceum biochemical test
Variable oxidase
Shewanella putrefaciens are Motile, assharolytic and a strong __ producer
H2S producer
Shewanella putrefaciens biochem testv
(+) oxidase and ornithine decarboxylase
