Nondemocratic regimes Flashcards
When did the distinction between democracy and dictatorship begin to exist?
French revolution
What are the two kinds of rule?
Personal rule- Dictatorial or monarchy Hereditary No limits on power or very few Opposite of a constitutional monarchy
Organizational rule-
Institutional rule like the military or party rule (not as common as military)
What are some of the factors to legitimacy in non democratic Regimes?
Religion, fascism, communism, democratic some)
Under Linz and Stepan what are the 4 types of non democratic rule??
Totalitarian
Authoritarian
Post totalitarian
Sultan-ism
Inspired by Max Weber
Sultanism (personal rule)➡️ post-totalitarianism➡️ authoritarianism ➡️ totalitarianism (organizational rule)
Linz and Stepan
Totalitarianism features
No pluralism strong ideology high mobilization unconstrained leadership little state autonomy
Linz and Stepan
Authoritarian features
Limited pluralism(limited freedoms ie.press)
Weak ideology
Weak mobilization
Unconstrained leadership
Some state autonomy( unless you are explicitly against us youare for us)
Linz and Stepan
Post Totalitarianism features
Limited pluralism Weakened ideology weakened mobilization Increasing constraints on leadership Increasing state autonomy
Linz and Stepan
Sultanism features
Personal rule
Limited pluralism, but unpredictable despotism
Ideology, but often strong personality cult
Low mobilization
Highly personal leadership, no rational legal constraints
Eg Mobutu, Putin
What were the fivenot democratic rule types of rule as defined by O’Neil?
Personal and monarchical rule Military rule One party rule Theocracy Illiberal regimes
O’Neil
Personal and monarchical rule
- Single leader
- Patrimonialism eg goddather
O’Neill
military rule
- Rule by military officials
- Sometimes in conjunction with other leads
O’Neil
One party rule
- Single party excludes other groups
- Party membership is key to political and economic advancement
O’Neil
Theocracy
- Rule by God
- Fusion of religious and political elites
O’Neil
Illiberal Regimes
- Elected leadership rules illiberally
- Vote ringing, harassment of opposition, violation of the separation of powers
What is competitive authoritarianism?
Which reading was that from?
“ in competitive authoritarian regimes, formal democratic institutions are widely viewed as the principal means of obtaining and exercising political authority. Incumbents violate those rules so often however, that the regime fails to meet conventional minimum standards of democracy
Levitsky and Way
Summarize the Larry Diamond Article “rule of law vs the big man”
- non-democratic regimes regards to Africa
- Africa has many Competitive authoritarian systems relying on highly centralized presidencies and clientelism(Patron client relationship based on personal connections and benefits)
- System is highly personal, corrupt and largely unaccountable form of rule
- dominated by the big man (solidifies power with network of patronage)
- optimistic that civil society is a growing challenge to competitive authoritarianism
- Emphasizes international actors can play in important role in bolstering society while holding authoritarian rulers accountable
What are the key things to remember about totalitarian regimes?
- use violence and terror
Eg Joseph Stalin Soviet Union from the 1930s to the 1950s - total control by the state and communist parties millions of people imprisoned and executed
Control and transform all aspects of state society and economy
North Korea is the worlds only totalitarian regimes
Explain the Resource trap
According to this theory existence of natural resources is a barrier to modernization and democracy
- resources in the ground give leaders the wealth necessary to run the state without taxation
- those in power don’t need taxation and representation trade off- Do not need to collect tax from people and can ignore their political demands
- natural resources stand development of modern economy and middle-class and can be a threat to those in power
- Natural resources are not portable, those in power know that if they lose power they will not be able to take it with them
- Wealth concentrated highly in the hands of the powerful
What is populism
- Not a specific ideology and it’s more of an anti institutional approach
- carries the view that it leads and established institutions do not fully represent the will of the people that a new movement, free from ideology and lead by charismatic leader can usher in a new order
- assumes people need to take back the state and set it on the correct path
What are the three means of control in non-democratic regimes
Coercion: public obedience is enforced through violence and surveillance
Co-optation: members of the public are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state And government, often through corporatism or clientelism
Personality cult: The public is encouraged to be the leader based on his or her extraordinary qualities and compelling ideas
What is corporatism? Example
Method by non-democratic regimes to solidify control over the public by creating her sanctioning a limited number of organizations to represent the interest of the public and restricting those not set up or approved by the state
-State organizations bid to replace independent organizations with a handful that alone have the right to speak for various sectors of society
Eg churches, student groups etc. Approved and state funded
What is a kleptocracy?
Rule by theft- Those in power seek only to drain the state of assets and resources and has the assets and resources dry up co-optation becomes quickly unravelled
What is an illiberal or hybrid or a hybrid regime?
- Basic structures of democracy exist but are not fully institutionalized and often not respected
- weak rule of law-result- all the democratic institutions that rest upon it are weakly institutionalized and poorly respected
What is the difference between clientelism, corporatism and patrimonialism??
Clientelism is where the state co-ops members of the public by providing specific benefits to a person in return for public support, relies on individual patronage
Corporatism relies on organizations that serve a large group of people
Patrimonialism Relies on a small group of regime supporters inside the state itself
