Noncommunicable Diseases Flashcards
Chronic conditions that do not result from an acute infectious process
Noncommunicable diseases
Disease that has a prolonged course and complete cure is rarely achieved
Noncommunicable disease
Characteristics of NCDs (CMLNPF)
Complex etiology Multiple risk factors Long latency period Non contagious Prolonged course of disease Functional impairment
Aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, an environmental exposure, or a hereditary characteristic that is associated with an increase in the occurrence of a particular disease or injury
Risk factor
A behavioral risk factor that can be reduced or controlled
Modifiable risk factor
Give examples of modifiable risk factors
Physical inactivity
Tobacco use
Alcohol intake
Unhealthy diet
Risk factor that cannot be reduced
Nonmodifiable risk factor
Examples of nonmodifiable risk factor
Age
Race
Sex
Family history
Caused by narrowed, blocked or stiffened blood vessels
Cardiovascular disease
Disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle
Coronary heart disease
Disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain
Cerebrovascular disease
Disease of blood vessels supplying the arms and legs
Peripheral arterial disease
Malformation of heart structure existing at birth
Congenital heart disease
Formation of plaques in blood vessels
Atherosclerosis
1 cause of death globally
Cardiovascular disease
CVD is _____ out of ____ leading cause of death in the US
2, 3
Over ____% CVD deaths occur in middle to low income countries
80
By 2030, almost ___M people will die of CVD
25
Disease that arises when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin of when body cannot effectively use the insulin produced
Diabetes
Hormone made by the pancreas that helps cells to take in glucose
Insulin
AKA as pre diabete
Impaired glucose tolerance
Insulin dependent diabetes
Type I
Non insulin dependent
Type II diabete
Diabetes caused by modifiable risk factors
type II
Test used for detection of diabetes
Fasting blood glucose
Confirmatory test for diabetes
HbA1c
Reference values for HbA1c test
Diabetes?
Prediabetes?
Normal?
6.5% above
5.7-6.4%
Below 5.7%
Reference values for FBS
Diabetes?
Prediabetes?
Normal?
Above 126 mg/dL
100-125 mg/dL
99 mg/dL below
Glucose tolerance test reference range
Diabetes?
Prediabetes?
Normal?
200 mg/dL
140-199 mg/dL
140 below
How many people worldwide have diabetes mellitus?
347 Million
Projected increase of people who have dm between 2008 and 2030
2/3
Rapid creation of abnormal cells
Cancer
How many people died from cancer in 2008
7.6 M
How many % of people from low and middle income countries died from cancer
70%
Estimated cancer deaths by 2030
13.1 M
___% of cancers are attributable to modifiable behavior risk factors
30
1 cause of cancer mortality
Leading cause of cancer death globally with 1.37 M deaths in 2008
Lung cancer
Most common risk factor for lung cancer
Tobacco use
Leading cause of cancer death in women (15%)
Breast cancer
How many women will be diagnosed with breast cancer
1/8
Help detect early onset of breast cancer
Breast examination
Breast tissue density is checked for tumors
Mammogram
__% of breast cancer occur in women with no risk factors
70
__% of Bcancers are inherited while__% are the first in their families
5, 80
__ out of ___ filipino women will develop breast cancer
1, 3
Highest incidence rate of breast cancer in ph
Pampanga
T/F: PH has the highest incidence rate of cancer in asia
True
Cancer of female reproductive system
Cervical cancer
2nd most common cancer among men
Prostate cancer
Risk factors for prostate cancer (AROW)
Age
Race
Obesity
Weight gain
3rd most common type of cancer
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer starts as small clumps of cells called
Polyps
Used to detect colorectal cancer
Colonoscopy
Likelihood of getting colorectal cancer before 75
1 out of 100
__% of deaths from chronic respiratory diseases occur in low income countries
90
Includes diseases characterized by a persistent blockage of airflow/prevent proper lung airflow
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
___ million people have moderate-severe COPD
65
Common chronic respiratory diseases characterized by breathlessness and wheezing where individual struggles to intake air because of constricted airways
Asthma
How many million people are affected with asthma
235 million
1 chronic disease among children
Asthma
How many percent of asthma deaths occur in low income countries
80%
