Communicable Diseases Flashcards by Jesse Sanchez

Route by which infectious agent is transmitted from reservoir to another host

Mode of transmission

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Dried secretions from respiratory tract which remain suspended in in air for some time

Airborne

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Several events happen one after another in the form of a chain

Chain of Transmission

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This happens when agent enters the host thru any specific part of the body before it can cause the disease

Successful transmission

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Habitat where agent normally lives, grows, multiplies

Reservoir

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Object contaminated by infectious agent

Vehicle-borne

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From infected to new host without the need for intermediate

Direct transmission

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Organisms capable of producing infection

Infectious agent

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T/F: Transmission occurs once agent leaves through route of exit

True

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Individuals who are likely to develop a communicable disease after exposure to agents

Susceptible host

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Types of direct contact

Person to person
- touching, biting, kissing, sex, droplets from cough, sneeze, and talk
Transplacental

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Infected to new host through intermediates

Indirect transmission

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Presence of infectious agent in or on the vehicle

Contamination

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Site of infected host where the agent gets out

Portal of Exit

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Usually and arthropod which transmits infectious agent to new host

Vector-borne

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Risk factors of being susceptible

Poor hygiene
Poor control of reservoir
Low immunity
- hiv/aids
- young
- unvaccinated
- poor nutrition
- pregnant

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Site thru which agent enters the new host

Portal of entry

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Resistance of an individual to communicable diseases

Immunity

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How to reduce CD development (2)

Reduce exposure to infectious agent

2. Increasing person’s immunity

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Establishing events for emerging disease

Infectious agent is introduced to a vulnerable population

2. Agent has the ability to spread readily from person to person

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Ability of infectious agent to change its genetic information

Natural factor

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T/F: large changes in natural factors can cause pandemic because immune system is not prepared to recognize and defend against
New variants

True

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Drugs that are useful in the past are no longer useful in controlling certain diseases

Antimicrobial resistance

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A growing number of people chose not to become vaccinated even when safe and effective vaccines exist

decline in vaccination

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As population increases possibility of exposure to potential host increases

Demographic factors

Spread of infectious diseases through air travel

International travel

Housing and transportation

Socioeconomic factors

Warming climate or altered habitats increases chances of spread intro new geographic areas

Environmental factors

Develops plans, policies, programs, projects and strategies for diseases prevention and control and health protection

Disease prevent and control bureau - DOH

Viral illness that causes paralysis, difficulty in breathing, death

Polio

Any patient below 15 years old with acute flaccid paralysis; guillain-barre syndrome

Polio

Causative agent of polio

Poliovirus/enterociris

Causative agent of SARS

Corona virus with common cold virus

Which regions hve the highest numbers of sars from 2017-201

Region VII and CARAGA

Causative agent of tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

How many percent of the worlds population has latent TB

25%

Infectious TB with agent but inactive; no symptoms and not contagious

Latent TB

TB where symptoms shows a few weeks or years after infection

Active TB

6th leading cause of death and illness “Sakit ng mahihirap”

Tuberculosis

Target of national TB control program Detect ___ and treat at least ___

85%, 90%

Road map to achieve the goal of halving TB mortality and prevalence by 2016

2010-2016 philippine plan of action to control TB

Causative agent of dengue

Aedes aegypti infected with dengue virus

Mode of transmission for dengue

Bite of aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus

4S in dengue

1. Search and destroy breeding grounds 2. Self-protection 3. Seek early consultation 4. Say yes to fogging

How many dengue cases in jan-july 2019 and how many deaths?

167, 607; 720

Case fatality rate of dengue is highest in?

Region XI

Incidence of dengue is highest in which regions?

VI, IV-A, XIII, IX, X

Age mostly affected by dengue

5-9 (23%)

Highly contagious and common viral infection among children

Chicken pox

Causative agent of chicken pox

Varicella virus

Time chicken pox is contagious

5 days before and after appearance of blisters

Also known as swine flu

Influenza A (H1N1)

Causative agent of H1N1

Influenza A virus

Antiviral drugs for influenza a

Oseltamivir Peramivir Zanamivir

When did philippines experience a flu pandemic

2009

Acute diarrheal infection caused by ingestion of food and water

Cholera

Causative agent of cholera

Vibrio cholerae

How many minutes should you boil water to avoid cholera

3 minutes

AKA lockjaw that needs aggressive wound treatment and antibiotics

Tetanus

Causative agent of tetanus

Clostridium tetani

When does tetanus usually emerge

7-10 days after initial infection

T/F: the farther injury is from CNS the longer the incubation period

True

Arching backwards of back muscles from tetanus

Opisthotonus

Muscle relaxant

Baclofen

Anticonvulsant

Valium

Neuromuscular blocking agents

Pancuronium | Vecuronium

Definition of susceptible to tetanus

Surgical intervention delayed for 6 hrs Large amount of tissue removed Puncture type injury In contact with soil Bone is exposed

How many deaths from tetanus in 2017

762

Also known as the clap

Gonorrhea

Causative agent of gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

gonorrhea is most common among?

Men

In 2016 more than ____ tested positive for gonorrhea

14000

Causative agent of chlamydia

Chlamydia trachomatis

C Agent of syphilis

Treponema pallidum

Acute bacterial infection of bloodstream and bacteria lives in upper respiratory tract with no signs of illness

Meningococcemia

Causative agent of meningococcemia

Neisseria meningitidis

Childhood infection caused by a virus

Measles

AKA measles

Rubeola

Causative agent of measles

Rubeola virus from paramyxovirus family

Deadly virus from saliva of infected animal bite

Rabies