Communicable Diseases Flashcards
Route by which infectious agent is transmitted from reservoir to another host
Mode of transmission
Dried secretions from respiratory tract which remain suspended in in air for some time
Airborne
Several events happen one after another in the form of a chain
Chain of Transmission
This happens when agent enters the host thru any specific part of the body before it can cause the disease
Successful transmission
Habitat where agent normally lives, grows, multiplies
Reservoir
Object contaminated by infectious agent
Vehicle-borne
From infected to new host without the need for intermediate
Direct transmission
Organisms capable of producing infection
Infectious agent
T/F: Transmission occurs once agent leaves through route of exit
True
Individuals who are likely to develop a communicable disease after exposure to agents
Susceptible host
Types of direct contact
Person to person
- touching, biting, kissing, sex, droplets from cough, sneeze, and talk
Transplacental
Infected to new host through intermediates
Indirect transmission
Presence of infectious agent in or on the vehicle
Contamination
Site of infected host where the agent gets out
Portal of Exit
Usually and arthropod which transmits infectious agent to new host
Vector-borne
Risk factors of being susceptible
Poor hygiene Poor control of reservoir Low immunity - hiv/aids - young - unvaccinated - poor nutrition - pregnant
Site thru which agent enters the new host
Portal of entry
Resistance of an individual to communicable diseases
Immunity
How to reduce CD development (2)
- Reduce exposure to infectious agent
2. Increasing person’s immunity
Establishing events for emerging disease
- Infectious agent is introduced to a vulnerable population
2. Agent has the ability to spread readily from person to person
Ability of infectious agent to change its genetic information
Natural factor
T/F: large changes in natural factors can cause pandemic because immune system is not prepared to recognize and defend against
New variants
True
Drugs that are useful in the past are no longer useful in controlling certain diseases
Antimicrobial resistance
A growing number of people chose not to become vaccinated even when safe and effective vaccines exist
decline in vaccination
As population increases possibility of exposure to potential host increases
Demographic factors
Spread of infectious diseases through air travel
International travel
Housing and transportation
Socioeconomic factors
Warming climate or altered habitats increases chances of spread intro new geographic areas
Environmental factors
Develops plans, policies, programs, projects and strategies for diseases prevention and control and health protection
Disease prevent and control bureau - DOH
Viral illness that causes paralysis, difficulty in breathing, death
Polio
Any patient below 15 years old with acute flaccid paralysis; guillain-barre syndrome
Polio
Causative agent of polio
Poliovirus/enterociris
Causative agent of SARS
Corona virus with common cold virus
Which regions hve the highest numbers of sars from 2017-201
Region VII and CARAGA
Causative agent of tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
How many percent of the worlds population has latent TB
25%
Infectious TB with agent but inactive; no symptoms and not contagious
Latent TB
TB where symptoms shows a few weeks or years after infection
Active TB
6th leading cause of death and illness
“Sakit ng mahihirap”
Tuberculosis
Target of national TB control program
Detect ___ and treat at least ___
85%, 90%
Road map to achieve the goal of halving TB mortality and prevalence by 2016
2010-2016 philippine plan of action to control TB
Causative agent of dengue
Aedes aegypti infected with dengue virus
Mode of transmission for dengue
Bite of aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus
4S in dengue
- Search and destroy breeding grounds
- Self-protection
- Seek early consultation
- Say yes to fogging
How many dengue cases in jan-july 2019 and how many deaths?
167, 607; 720
Case fatality rate of dengue is highest in?
Region XI
Incidence of dengue is highest in which regions?
VI, IV-A, XIII, IX, X
Age mostly affected by dengue
5-9 (23%)
Highly contagious and common viral infection among children
Chicken pox
Causative agent of chicken pox
Varicella virus
Time chicken pox is contagious
5 days before and after appearance of blisters
Also known as swine flu
Influenza A (H1N1)
Causative agent of H1N1
Influenza A virus
Antiviral drugs for influenza a
Oseltamivir
Peramivir
Zanamivir
When did philippines experience a flu pandemic
2009
Acute diarrheal infection caused by ingestion of food and water
Cholera
Causative agent of cholera
Vibrio cholerae
How many minutes should you boil water to avoid cholera
3 minutes
AKA lockjaw that needs aggressive wound treatment and antibiotics
Tetanus
Causative agent of tetanus
Clostridium tetani
When does tetanus usually emerge
7-10 days after initial infection
T/F: the farther injury is from CNS the longer the incubation period
True
Arching backwards of back muscles from tetanus
Opisthotonus
Muscle relaxant
Baclofen
Anticonvulsant
Valium
Neuromuscular blocking agents
Pancuronium
Vecuronium
Definition of susceptible to tetanus
Surgical intervention delayed for 6 hrs
Large amount of tissue removed
Puncture type injury In contact with soil
Bone is exposed
How many deaths from tetanus in 2017
762
Also known as the clap
Gonorrhea
Causative agent of gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
gonorrhea is most common among?
Men
In 2016 more than ____ tested positive for gonorrhea
14000
Causative agent of chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
C Agent of syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Acute bacterial infection of bloodstream and bacteria lives in upper respiratory tract with no signs of illness
Meningococcemia
Causative agent of meningococcemia
Neisseria meningitidis
Childhood infection caused by a virus
Measles
AKA measles
Rubeola
Causative agent of measles
Rubeola virus from paramyxovirus family
Deadly virus from saliva of infected animal bite
Rabies
