Non-Written and Written Communication Flashcards
Root
is the basic element of a word. The root is usually related to the word’s origin. Roots can often help you figure out the word’s meaning.
Root: bio Meaning: _____
Life
Root: ciru Meaning: _____
around
Root: frac Meaning: _____
break
Root: geo Meaning: _____
earth
Root: mal Meaning: _____
bad
Root: Matr/mater Meaning: _____
mother
Root: neo Meaning: _____
new
Root: patr/ pater Meaning: _____
father
Root: spec Meaning: _____
look
Root: tele Meaning: _____
distance
Prefixes
are syllables that come at the beginning of a word. They usually have a standard meaning.
Sentences
conveys a complete thought or idea. Evey sentence has a subject and a predicate.
There are 3 fundamental types of sentences
Simple
Compound
Complex
Simple Sentences
the sentence has at least one subject and one predicate.
Compound Sentences
the sentence has two or more simple sentences joined into a single sentence.
Complex Sentences
the sentence has a main clause, with a subordinate clause.
Clause
is a part of a sentence that contains a subject and a verb.
independent Clauses
can stand alone as a sentence.
Dependent Clauses
cannot stand alone as a sentence.
Subordinate Clauses
is another name for dependent clauses b/c it is subordinate to, or depends on, the independent clause for its meaning.
Relative Clauses
are dependent clauses that begin with a relative pronoun (of which, that, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose). The relative pronoun is the subject and refers to something that came befoe the clause.
like an add on to the sentence, after the comma
Phrase
is one or more words that may express a thought, but it does not contain both a subject and predicate required to form a clause or a sentence.
Nouns
name a person, place, thing, character, or concept. They give a name to everything that is, has been, or will be.
Pronouns
take the place of nouns or noun phrases and help avoid constant repetition of the house or phrase.
Subjective Pronouns. Examples
I, We, He, She, It, They, Who, You
Objective Pronouns. Examples
Me, Us, Him, It, Her, Them, Whom, You
Possessive Pronouns. Examples
My, Our, His, Its, Her, Their, Whose, Your
Adjectives
modify nouns and pronouns. They add detail and clarify nouns and pronouns.
Adverbs
are often formed by adding ly to an adjective. ex: unfortunatel-y
Comparison
Adjectives and adverbs can show comparison.
Verbals
is a verb that can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
Infinitives
are verbals–a verb preceded by “to” that can act as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
example: to hop, to paint
whatever follows is the prepositional phrase.
Conjunctions
are words that connect and logically relate parts of a sentence.
example: and, but, for, or , nor
Prepositions
connect a word to a pronoun, noun, or noun phrase called the object of the preposition.
Words like: above, across, as, beside, from, of, towards, at, by, in, on, up, after, before, into, over, upon, among, below, for, near, to, and without.
Prepositional Phrase
IN the book
WITH apparent glee
WITHOUT a care
Negation
words such as no, never, nobody, nothing, and not.
Modifiers
may be words or groups of words. They can change or qualify the meaning of another word or group of words. They belong near the words they modify.
Misplaced Modifiers
appear to modify words in a way that doesn’t make sense.
Parallelism
when two or more ideas are connected, use a parallel structure to make the passage more clear to the reader.
Example: Matt stayed in shape by eating right and BY excercising daily.
Diction
is choosing and using appropriate words. Does not use unnecessary words.
Homonyms
are words that sound alike but do not have the same meaning.
Example: accept (receive) except ( other than) ascent (rise) assent (agreement)
Spelling rule
put i before e, except after c or when sounded as a as in “neighbor” and “weigh”
Idioms
are expressions with special meanings and often break the rules of grammar.
Example: a slap on the wrist
word of mouth
head over heals
