Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology > Non Taenia Cestodes & Trematodes > Flashcards

Non Taenia Cestodes & Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Who and where does Diplylidium caninum infect?

A
  • DH Ca & Fe (people)
  • recent molecular evidence shows specialized Ca & Fe strains, but cross infection is possible
  • small intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is in Diplylidium caninum egg packets?

A
  • each packet contains up to 30 eggs
  • each egg contains a hexacanth larvae
  • HEAVY - do not float well
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Diplylidium caninum mature segments:

A

2 sets of genetalia per segment so two lateral genital pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the life cycle of Diplylidium caninum?

A
  • PPP = 2-3 wks
  • gravid segments & egg packets are shed in feces -> develop into cysticercoid larvae within flea larvae -> flea larvae develops into an adult flea IH (not vector) (potentially also happens w/ chewing lice) -> flea IH is ingested by DH -> Diplylidium caninum develops into adult in DH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of metacestode larvae does Diplylidium caninum have?

A

cysticercoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do we diagnose & control for Diplylidium caninum?

A
  • Dx based on detection of egg packets or segments in feces (most likely) (DONT use fecal floats!)
  • several cestocides are labeled for Ca & Fe
  • treat all pets in household
  • FLEA CONTROL IS IMPERATIVE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the epidemiology/ecology of Diplylidium caninum?

A
  • present wherever you have fleas
  • more common on coasts & further south
  • global distribution
  • indirect life cycles: Ca or Fe DH (rarely humans); arthropod IH
  • zoonotic but not directly from pets (need to eat flea)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why are Mesocestoides spp a weird type of Cyclophyllid cestode?

A
  • no rostellum
  • ventral genital pore
  • 2 IH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

who are the DH for Mesocestoides spp?

A
  • DOGS, CATS, wild canids, (people) in coastal North America
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are Mesocestoides spp zoonotic?

A

yes, but not directly from pets, we need to consume the IH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do we diagnose Mesocestoides spp in Ca as the DH?

A

segments, not eggs in feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are unique features of Mesocestoides Tetrathyridium and how is it diagnosed?

A

This is the metacestode larvae stage
- four suckers on an inverted scolex
- can divide asexually
- in Ca, can be diagnosed by ultrasound or abdominocentesis +/- PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the life cycle of Mesocestoides spp?

A
  • PPP = 16-20 days
  • gravid segments passed in feces -> ingested by 1st IH (unknown, potentially an arthropod) -> ingested by second IH (reptile, mammal, Av) & develops into Tetrathyridia Larvae -> ingested by DH & develops into adults
  • if Ca ingests 1st IH will have tetrathyrdia larvae in its peritoneal cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is special about Pseudophyllid cestodes?

A
  • 2 IH
  • ventral genital pores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where do Pseudophyllid cestodes live?

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the DH of Pseudophyllid cestodes?

A

Ca, piscivores, people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the freshwater Pseudophyllid cestodes?

A

Dibothriocephalus latum & Dibothriocephalus dendriticum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the IHs of Dibothriocephalus latum?

A

walleye, pike, pickerel, perch, burbot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the IHs of Dibothriocephalus dendriticum?

A

whitefish, burbot, sticklebacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the marine Pseudophyllid cestodes?

A

Dibothriocephalus ursi & Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the IH of Dibothriocephalus ursi & Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiense?

A

Pacific Salmon

22
Q

What is the old name for Dibothriocephalus?

A

Diphyllobothrium

23
Q

What is this group & structure?

A
  • Dibothriocephalus sp
  • scolex w/ bothrium
24
Q

what are the significant feature of Dibothriocephalus sp gravid segments?

A
  • central coiled uterus
  • ventral genital pore
25
Q

what do adult Dibothriocephalus sp resemble?

A

a zipper!

26
Q

What features do Dibothriocephalus sp eggs have?

A

circular operculum on one end, pimple on the other

27
Q

What kind of metacestode larvae do Dibothriocephalus sp have?

A

procercoid in first IH & plerocercoids in second IH/PH

28
Q

What is the life cycle of Dibothriocephalus sp?

A
  • PPP = 2-4 wks
  • adults can liver for years w/in DH intestines
  • eggs are passed via feces -> develop into coracidium larvae in environment -> ingested by first IH (crustacean) & develop into procercoid larvae -> ingested by second IH (fish) & develop into plerocercoid larvae -> possibly ingested by paratenic host (pisciverous fish) OR DH -> develop into adults in DH
29
Q

How do we diagnose & control Dibothriocephalus sp?

A
  • diagnosis based on detection of eggs or segments in feces
  • little clinical significance (gross factor)
  • off label, high dose of praziquantel (7.5 mg/kg SID for 2 days, up to 35 mg/kg!)
  • prevent access to raw fish (cook or deep freeze fish prior to consumption)
  • prevent Ca from contaminating water w/ fecal matter
30
Q

What kind of life cycle do trematodes have?

A

aquatic life cycles

30
Q

What is the epidemiology / ecology of Dibothriocephalus sp?

A
  • not detected in national survey in Canada
  • distribution is determined by wildlife reservoirs
  • indirect life cycles (Ca DH (also humans); crustacean IH1; Fish IH2; +/- paratenic host
  • zoonotic from eating fish: rarely can lead to Vitamin B12 deficiency = pernicious anemia in children (only tapeworm where you can see issues coming through)
31
Q

What are the different types of flukes?

A
  • intestinal flukes
  • liver flukes
32
Q

What are the different types of intestinal flukes?

A
  • Alaria spp - common in Northwestern Canada
  • Alaria marcianae - not in Canada
  • Nanophyetus salmincola
33
Q

What type of liver fluke is there?

A
  • Metorchus conjunctus
34
Q

Are trematodes zoonotic?

A

all are potentially zoonotic, but not directly from pets (humans serve as an aberrant DH from ingestion of IH)

35
Q

why were no trematodes detected in dogs & cats in the national survey?

A

b/c they used fecal floats which dont detect trematodes

36
Q

What are the DH of Alaria spp?

A

DOGS, (cats, wild canids, people)

37
Q

What is unique about Alaria spp. in terms of trematode eggs?

A

float well

38
Q

What is the life cycle of Alaria spp?

A
  • PPP = 1-2 wks
  • eggs are passed in feces -> become myracidium in environment -> ingested by first IH (snail) & develops sporocysts, redia, & cercaria allowing for asexual reproduction for amplification -> cercaria leave snail & are ingested by second IH (tadpole or frog) & develop into metacercariae (mesocercariae) -> either get ingested by paratenic host (small mammal) OR DH -> develop into adults in DH
  • transmammary transmission in Fe
39
Q

What are the DH for Nanophyetus salmincola?

A

DOGS, (cats, people, mesocarnivores)

40
Q

What does Nanophyetus salmincola transmit & what does it cause in who?

A

Neorickettsia helminthoeca which causes salmon poisoning in Ca in BC, NW, & USA

41
Q

How do you treat for Nanophyetus salmincola and Neorickettsia helminthoeca?

A

praziquantel for fluke & doxycycline for rickettsia

42
Q

characteristics of adult Nanophyetus under the microscope?

A
  • v tiny
  • ventral & oral suckers
  • little egg “fins” (eggs)
43
Q

what is the life cycle of Nanophyetus?

A

eggs passed in feces -> become miracidium in enviro -> ingested by first IH (snail) & develops into cercariae larvae -> cercariae larvae released into environment -> ingested by second IH (salmonid fish) & develops into metacercariae -> ingested by DH & develops into adults
- Neorickettsia helminthoeca present throughout entire lifecycle

44
Q

Who are the DH of Metorchis conjunctus?

A

Ca (rural, remote, & northern)
(also Fe, fox, mustelids, people)

45
Q

Are Metorchis conjunctus zoonotic?

A

yes, but not directly from Ca (need to ingest IH)

46
Q

What are the defining features of Metorchis conjunctus?

A

ventral & oral suckers

47
Q

Where can Metorchis conjunctus sometimes be found & what disease can this lead to?

A
  • bile duct (pancreatic duct), leading to pancreatitis
48
Q

What are the defining characteristics of Metorchis conjunctus eggs?

A
  • looks like they have a little crown
  • made up of Operculum & lip (lip is characteristic)
49
Q

what is the life cycle of Metorchis?

A
  • eggs passed in feces -> develop into miracidium in environment -> ingested by first IH (snail) -> leave host as cercariae -> ingested by second IH (sucker fish) & develop into metacercariae -> ingested by DH & develop into adults
50
Q

How do we diagnose & control trematodes?

A
  • diagnosis is based on detection of eggs in feces (ideally using sedimentation (not floatation))
  • usually subclinical, so goal is to break life cycle
  • off label praziquantel
  • prevent access to raw fish/frogs (PH; cook or freeze solid prior to feeding (or eating))
  • prevent Ca from contaminating water w/ feces

Parasitology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions