Non-Systems

Question 1

What will cause an increase in EMG signal?

Answer 1

increase in fatigue because more neural activity is required to maintain the same level of force production

Question 2

Cluster Sampling

Answer 2

• larger samples that are divided into clusters
• clusters are randomly chosen and subjects are then chosen from the randomly chosen clusters

Question 3

Stratified Sampling

Answer 3

Divides subjects into non-overlapping strata
Subjects randomly chosen from each stratum

Question 4

Snowball Sampling

Answer 4

Researcher purposefully chooses a subject that can then identify other subjects
Ex. Subjects are parents of children with disabilities —> one set of parents may be able to connect the researcher with other parents

NON-randomized sampling strategy

Question 5

What is a common adverse effect of antipsychotic drugs?

Answer 5

Tardive dyskinesia
- characterized by involuntary rhythmic movements of the mouth, tongue, jaw, trunk, or extremities

Question 6

Systemic and Physiologic Effects of Thermal Modalities

Answer 6

Heat will result in INCREASED cardiac output, vasodilation, heart rate, respiratory rate, metabolic rate (think of a hot dog)

Heat will result in DECREASED muscle activity, blood pressure, blood to internal organs, blood flow to resting musle bc its going to the heated tissue, stroke volume

Question 7

Systemic and Physiological Effects of Cryotherapy

Answer 7

Increased joint stiffness, pain threshold, and muscle activation

Decreased collagen extensibility, blood flow, capillary permeability, local metabolism, spasticity, and nerve conduction velocity

Question 8

Effects of prolonged icing

Answer 8

15+ you’ll have decreased muscle activity

Question 9

Hot Pack Settings

Answer 9

160-170 degrees
Treatment time 20-30 mins
6-8 layers of toweling
*hot pack heat peaks in 5 mins

Question 10

Stages of cold

Answer 10

CBAN
cold
burning
aching/analgesia
numbness

Question 11

Cold Pack Settings

Answer 11

Temp 25 degrees
treatment time 10-20 minutes
can be applied every 1-2 hours

Question 12

Contraindications to Hot Pack

Answer 12

arterial disease
bleeding or hemorrage
area of compromised circulation
over malignancy
thrombophlebitis
impaired sensation or mentation
infared irradiation of the eyes

Question 13

Contraindications to Cold Pack

Answer 13

Cold hypersensitivity
Cold intolerance
Cryoglobulinemia (swelling of blood vessels)
Paroxysmal cold hemogloburinia
Raynuad’s Phenomenon
over-regenerating peripheral nerves
circulatory compromise

Question 14

Parameters for NMES (muscle strengthening)

Answer 14

Pulse Frequency: 35-80 pps
Pulse Duration 150-200 bb muscles, 200-35- big boi muscles
Amplitude >10 injured, >50% not injured
on: off ration (1:5)
Ramp time (up to 2 seconds)
Treatment Time 10-20 mins for 10-20 reps
Times per day 2-3

Question 15

High-Voltage Pulsed Galvanic Current Use

Answer 15

wound care
positive electrode: healing wound, no inflammation
negative electrode: negative wound inflamed or infected

Question 16

HVPC treatment time

Answer 16

5 days per week treatment session 45-60 mins

Question 17

Parameters for HVPC

Answer 17

Pulse frequency: 60-125

Question 18

(-) Iontophoresis ions

Answer 18

ISAD
Iodine –> sclerotic scars
Salicylate –> analgesic
Acetate –> calcium deposits
Dexamethasone –> musculoskeletal inflammation

Question 19

TUG Cut Off

Answer 19

> 12.5 (12-13)s

Question 20

Berg Balance Scale

Answer 20

not good if ambulatory
<45 high fall risk
out of 56

Question 21

Tinetti/POMA Scoring

Answer 21

<19 high fall risk
19-24 moderate fall risk
25-28 low fall risk

Question 22

Sensory Stimulation TENS

Answer 22

used for acute pain or during activity
pulse frequency: 100 pps
Pulse duration 50-100
Comfortable tingling
20-30 minutes or during activities

Question 23

Medications used to treat seizures

Answer 23

Barbiturates
Benzos
Hydantoins