Non-Specific animal defences

Question 1

skin

Answer 1

impermeable

harmless bacteria fight

acid secretion glands

Question 2

blood clotting wound repair

Answer 2

platelets contact collagen damaged blood vessel adhere.

produce

thromboplastin results in blood clot
serotonin makes smooth muscle contract *reduce supply of blood.

epidermal cells below scab seal wound.

Question 3

inflammatory response

Answer 3

mast cells activated damaged tissue. produce histamines and cytokines.

histamines -

dilate blood vessel heat redness. heat prevents pathogens reproducing.

more leaky blood plasma forced out. pain and swelling.

cytokines- attract phagocytes.

Question 4

mucus membranes

Answer 4

layer of epithelial cells

contain goblet cells secrete mucus

mucus like barrier prevent bacteria from contacting.

cilia push mucus back to throat.

Question 5

expulsive responses

Answer 5

cough sneezes eject mucus with pathogen.

vomiting diarrhoea expel pathogen.