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Visual impairment > Non-Optical aids > Flashcards

Non-Optical aids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a non-optical device?

A

Any device other then a magnifier that enables VI individuals to funciton more easily

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2
Q

What is one of the most important non-optical aid?

A

Lighting! 20% of px just need good refraction and advice on lighting

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3
Q

What is luminous flux?

A

Amount of light emitted by a light source ; lumens

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4
Q

What is luminous Efficacy?

A

the ratio of the light output to the energy input Watts

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5
Q

What is light colour temps

A

low number = yellow
high number = white light

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6
Q

what is illuminance?

A

the quanity og light per unit area hitting the wokring surface or task ; measured in lumens per square metre (lux)

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7
Q

what is illuminance ?

A

The intensity of light (brightness) emitted or reflected in a particular direction by an area which is either self luminous, or is reflecting incident light
Measured in Candelas per square metre

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7
Q

what is CFL light source?

A

5X more efficent then filament and takes time to reach full brightness. Only some of these are dimmable. It has a low cost

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8
Q

What is a halogen light source?

A

Instant output and dimmable
not as efficient as CFLs but more expensive then CFLs ; can get hot

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9
Q

what is LED light?

A

Expensive but getting cheaper, it is enegergy efficent
has a long life
provides an instant output
does not heat up
specical dimmer needed
currently provides low light output

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10
Q

How is visual performance effected by lighting?

A

performance increases with improvments in task illuminance
Older subjects will receieves less light to their retina compared to younger retina

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11
Q

How can be optimize lighting for VI px?

A

1.increase general ambient level of illuminance. draw the curtains well back
2.paint the house walls with light colours and use fluorescent fittings
3. Localised area lighting ; over the phone under kitchen cabinets
4. Carry torch when ambient lighting is poor

  1. Outside = night vision scopes, wide-angle mobility light and mobility lights
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12
Q

What are the 3 types of glare?

A
  1. Discomfort glare
  2. Disability glare
  3. Refleciton glare
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13
Q

How can quantify glare clinically?

A

Brightness acuity tester

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14
Q

How can we decrease glare?

A

changes in the environment ; move child away from blackboard
use matt instead of gloss
tinted visors and shields
pinholes
artificial iris CLs
typoscopes

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15
Q

what tint can we used if the px has AMD?

A

yellow and amber tint

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16
Q

Px has retinitis pigmentosa what colour?

A

Red

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17
Q

How can we make reading and writing easier?

A
  1. reading stands
  2. writing guide
  3. Typoscope
  4. Signature Guide
18
Q

What is large print items?

A
  1. Large button phones
  2. large newspaper
  3. Large cards
  4. Big watchs and clocks
19
Q

examples of talking devices ?

A

talking watchs and talking clocks
talking microwave
newsplaper
calculators
blood glucose meter

20
Q

aids to help manage money?

A

note detectors, coin holders and apps-seeing AI

21
Q

what other gadgets and aids that can help around the house?

A

Audio descrbing videos
pen friend voice labeller
pill organisers
bump-ons
liquid level indicators

22
Q

what other useful gadegts/ aids are there?

A

Special toys for children
recordable cards
chopping boards
rubber non slip grips
felt pens

23
Q

What can help with mobility?

A

white cane
symbol cane
guide cane
long cane
walking sticks

24
Q

Other than canes, What else can help with mobility and orientation?

A

GPS systems
guide dogs
echolocation

25
Q

What are CCTVs?

A

these are our electronic visual enhancement systems

26
Q

What are advantages to CCTV?

A

1.Large Range of Magnification:
2.Variable Magnification: Deterioration of vision
3.Good Contrast, Different Contrast Options, Contrast Reversal
4.Good working distance
5.Good Field of View
6.Binocularity possible
7.Minimal peripheral Aberration, less critical focus and reduced light loss
8.Various option such as underlining text, splitting screen, cutting out unwanted text, scrolling of text
9.Longer reading duration than optical aids

27
Q

WHat are the disadvantages to CCTV?

A
  1. More practice
  2. Bulky in many instances
  3. Expensive and requires regular maintenance
  4. Needs to be prescribed, not bought over the shelf
  5. Can cause poor posture if bad position is adopted
28
Q

What are the two types of CCTV?

A
  1. Mouse style : cheap
  2. Portable : cheap
  3. Desktop Varieties: expensive
29
Q

What are the different head mounted devices we have?

A

Oxford Smart Specs
SightPlus glasses
Esight
IrisVision
Nuvision
PatriotVision

30
Q

Who should we consider for head mounted?

A
  1. Anyone in employment / education (us!)
  2. ANyone who has a progressive VF :(
  3. There are some cheaper ones :)
  4. When dispensing we need to demonstrate how to use them
  5. However, they are not on the NHS
31
Q

We should know some apps, what are some examples?

A

Be specular
Aipoly Vision
Identifi
Seeing AI
Be My Eyes
TapTap See See

32
Q

What settings can be adjusted on the computer to help with accessibility?

A
  1. Magnifiers
  2. Screen readers
  3. Combined speech and magnification software
33
Q

What can we do outside the computer to help ?

A
  1. frenel leneses can help magnify
  2. Large print keyboards
  3. Large monitors
  4. Keyboard stickers
  5. Anti-Glare screens
34
Q

What is braille and moon?

A

These are tactile reading codes!
Moon is easier to learn then braille ; the code is simple

There is advantages and disadvantages to both

35
Q

What are some examples of braille devices?

A
  1. braille note
  2. Braille Displays
  3. Braille writers
  4. Tactile graphic maker

They are pricey

36
Q

What is eccentric viewing?

A

This is an adaptive strategy where paracentral areas are used to view instead of the fovea.

PRL - preferred retinal locus ; peusdofovea
TRL - trained retinal locus

37
Q

What is the eye strategy?

A

The eyes are held in a steady position and text is moved right to left ; used with EV

38
Q

How can a px do EV(eccentric viewing) training?

A
  1. At home , Youtube
  2. Macular society
39
Q

How well does EV training work?

A

Good evidence is does improve reading ability
No evidence for dist
good evidence Central vision loss px can do normal shit

40
Q

FUTUREEEE ; what is retinal prosthesis?

A

This is a device to amplify vision ; elict the sensation of vision and detect motion

external camera and electrode attached to retina, OD / VC . the brain will learn how to use this is to see!

41
Q

who will mainly retinal prosthesis help?

A
  1. no light perception / light perception
  2. Degeneration of the RP
42
Q

your px has PL (BE).
they are 25 years old
used to enjoy reading books
How would you help them?

A
  • audiobooks
    ADD ANYTHING YOU GUYS THINK
43
Q

your px sees 6/36 (BE). They have AMD and are 85 years old. They have never used a smart phone.
How might you help them?

A

use a 6x magnifier?
ADD oN ANYTHIGN YOU THINK OF

Visual impairment (8 decks)

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