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Visual impairment > low vision aids for peripheral loss > Flashcards

low vision aids for peripheral loss Flashcards

1
Q

what are the effects of visual field loss?

A

orientation and mobility
static and dynamic VF
central VF loss
Peripheral VF loss

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2
Q

how can you help someone with reduced peripheral vision\?

A
  • eye movement training
  • orientation and mobility training
  • field expansion ( minus lenses, reverse telescope, fresnel prisms)
  • OXSIGHT glasses
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3
Q

how can you help someone with hemianopia?

A
  • eye movement training
  • orientation and mobility training
  • peli lenses
  • oxford glasses
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4
Q

how does eye movement training work?

A

large eye movements into the non-seeing area - usually occurs without training but training may help

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5
Q

who provides orientation and mobility training?

A

social services
charities through rehab officers

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6
Q

how does orientation and mobility training work?

A

methods for gathering info from surroundings, making home safe

techniques for climbing stairs, avoiding falls/injuries, crossing roads etc

often involves using long cane or sunu band

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7
Q

what are the 2 types of reversed telescope?

A
  1. galilean telescope the wrong way around
  2. minifiers
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8
Q

what is the disadvantage of reversed telescopes?

A

increase in field = reduced VA

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9
Q

what are 2 examples of minifiers?

A

ocutech
multilens (MLRP)

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10
Q

how is a minus lens used as a field expander?

A

held 20-30 cm from eye

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11
Q

what is a disadvantage of using minus lenses as a field expansion?

A

need accommodation or a reading addition

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12
Q

what are some other examples of minus lenses and their strengths?

A

multilens RP monocle (-7D, -8D and -9D)
schweizer minora (no longer available)
uncut minus lens blanks
amorphic lenses

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13
Q

what are fresnel prisms?

A

made up of tiny prisms - base to apex - on a thin platform of plastic

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14
Q

advantage of fresnel prisms?

A

thinner and lighter than conventional prisms

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15
Q

disadvantage of fresnel prisms?

A

optical quality is not as good as conventional prisms

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16
Q

how do fresnel prisms work for field expansion?

A

attached to a part of the glasses lens on the SAME side as the field defect with base towars the non-seeing area

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17
Q

what would you give someone with a hemianopia?

A

fresnel prism/peli prism

18
Q

what are oxford glasses?

A

assistive technology - form of electrical aid
camera streaming a live feed into 2 HD video displays, placed in front of the patients area of useable vision

19
Q

what are the 2 types of oxford glasses?

A

prism and crystal

20
Q

oxford glasses increase FoV by how many degrees?

A

68 horizontally

21
Q

how much is a reversed telescope ?

A

~£200

22
Q

how much is a negative lens?

A

~£70

23
Q

how much are oxford glasses?

A

~£3000 - £4000

24
Q

what are the 3 types of aids for hemianopias?

A

substitution
restitution
compensatory techniques

25
Q

how do substitution aids work and what are they?

A

PRISMS - optically expand the VF

26
Q

how do restitution aids work?

A

improve visual sensitivity in the blind VF by repeated stimulation

27
Q

how do compensatory techniques work?

A

patients learn to direct their gaze towards the affected area

28
Q

what are 3 examples of computer based training for eye movement training?

A

eye search
VISIOcoach
Durham Reading & exploration (DREX) training

29
Q

what are 4 forms of field expanders?

A

mirrors
bilateral sector prisms
peripheral prisms (PELI PRISMS)
sector/gottleib visual field awareness system

30
Q

how do bilateral sector prisms work?

A

base right or left BE
field relocation rather than expansion

31
Q

which glasses are Peli prisms attached to?

A

attached to DISTANT glasses

32
Q

how do peli prisms work?

A

40/57 BO prism on left eye for left hemianopia
and RE for right hemianopia

33
Q

what is the sepeeration distance on peli prisms?

A

12 mm

34
Q

how much do peli prisms expand the VF by?

A

20-30 degrees

can be 30 degrees if you use 50 D

35
Q

which patients are more likely to be successful when using peli prisms?

A

young patients

36
Q

what height do you need on glasses for a peli prism?

A

35mm

37
Q

what activities can you NOT do when wearing a peli prism?

A

reading and driving

38
Q

when should you review a patient after prescribing peli prisms?

A

4-6 weeks

39
Q

how much do peli prisms cost?

A

~£500-600

40
Q

what are the options for those who struggle when reading?

A

typoscope
vertical text
read-right
DREX

Visual impairment (8 decks)

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