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Oral medicine > Non-odontogenic tumors > Flashcards

Non-odontogenic tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What is the typical population of a dog with oral melanoma?

A

Males

Mean age of 10.5–12 years. (11yo)

Cocker spaniels, Labrador and Golden retrievers or

dog with heavily pigmented oral mucosa.

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2
Q

According to the TNM clinical staging, what are the M stages?

A

M0 = no evidence of distant mets M1 = distant mets present. You’ve just won stage 4!

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3
Q

According to the TNM clinical staging, what are the ‘‘T’’ stages?

A

Tis = tumor in situ T1 = tumor < 2cm at max diameter T1a = without bone involvement T1b = with bone involvement T2 = 2 to 4 cm, add substage a and b T3 = more than 4cm, add a and b. This makes you a stage 3 at minimum.

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4
Q

According to the TNM clinical staging, what are the N stages?

A

N0 = regional LN non palpable (mandibular, retropharyngeal, parotid) N1 = movable ipsilateral LN N1a = no evidence of mets N1b = evidence of mets N2 = movable contralateral LN, add substages a and b N2b (You’ve just upgraded to stage 4!) N3 = fixed LN (Also makes you stage 4)

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5
Q

According to the TNM clinical staging, what does stage 1 mean?

A

Tumor less than 2cm, no mets in the LN.

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6
Q

According to the TNM clinical staging, what makes a patient stage 3?

A

Tumor more than 4cm or met to the ipsilateral LN

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7
Q

According to the TNM clinical staging, what automatically makes a patient a stage 4?

A

Distant metastasis, contralateral LN met or fixed LN

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8
Q

from what location in the mouth do melanoma typically arise from?

A

tongue, gingiva, and mucosa

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9
Q

what are the differential diagnoses for oral melanoma?

A

melanocytoma

round cell tumors (lymphoma, mast cell tumor, histiocytoma, plasma cell tumor)

anaplastic sarcoma/carcinoma

osteogenic tumor

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10
Q

where do melanomas arise from?

A

at the epithelial/subepithelial interface of the mucosa (where melanocytes generally reside in normal tissue).

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11
Q

what are chow-chows and shar peis at risk for?

A

melanoma of the tongue

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12
Q

which location of melanoma has a better prognosis?

A

lip

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13
Q

what is the potential for metastasis for oral melanomas and where do they go?

A

potential is high (53-74%)

regional lymph nodes (cervical/ mandibular)

lungs

distant sites like the liver or central nervous system.

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14
Q

what treatment is indicated for oral melanoma?

A

surgery with 2cm margins

+-vaccine

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15
Q

Associate these tumors with their mean age at presentation in dogs:

Melanoma

SCC

Fibrosarc

Osteosarc

7-9yo, 8-9, 9-10, 10-12

A

Fibrosarc 7-9yo

SCC 8-9 yo

Osteosarc 9-10yo

Melanoma 10-12yo

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16
Q

which tumor may present with history of non-healing extraction site?

A

OSCC

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17
Q

what tumor may resemble OSCC on histo?

A

CAA

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18
Q

what is the difference on histo between OSCC and CAA?

A

In CAA, neoplastic epithelial cells generally remain well-differentiated, tend to form architectural structures consistent with odontogenic epithelium, and may exhibit the cardinal histologic features of odontogenic epithelium.

19
Q

what tissue does OSCC originate from?

A

Malignant tumor of keratinocytes derived from the stratified squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa.

20
Q

what is the metastatic rate for OSCC?

A

low

11-12%

21
Q

what is the recommended teatment for OSCC?

A

surgical resection with 1cm margins

22
Q

what is the most common tumor in the tongue and what is it’s prevalence?

A

SCC

36,8% - 54% of lingual tumors

23
Q

which portions of the tongues do melanomas and scc typically involve?

A

melanoma: caudal 1/3

SCC: rostral 2/3

24
Q

name some potentiel causes for OSCC

A

chronic exposure to air pollution, tobacco smoke, papillomavirus infections, flea collars, diet, prior radiation exposure, and chronic inflammation

25
Q

how does the prognosis differ between oral SCC in dogs, lingual SCC, tonsillar SCC and papillary SCC?

A

OSCC: survival 26 months, mets is 11-12%

lingual: higher (14-37,5%) metastatic potential, survival is shorter (1 month without treatment, up to 39)
tonsillar: high met rate (61.1 – 97%), median survival 110-270 days

Papillary: no metastatic potential, surgery may be curative

26
Q

what are treatment options for feline oral SCC and what are the associated survival times?

A

Surgery: Median survival times of 3–14 months with longer survival times for tumors located in the mandible and in combination with radiation therapy.

Palliative care: median survival 44 days, apparent longer survival in cats that received NSAIDs.

27
Q

describe the typical patient that has a fibrosarcoma

A

median age 8 years, but any age is possible

large breed dog (Golden retriever, Labrador or German shepherd)

tumor just palatal to the maxillary fourth premolar

28
Q

which common oral tumor is typically fixed and relatively unmovable?

A

fibrosarc

29
Q

how often do fibrosarcomas occur in the mouth?

A

17,7% of oral tumours

30
Q

what is a typical characteristic of fibrosarcoma on histo?

A

oral FSA are arranged as tight, parallel bundles of mesenchymal cells oriented orthogonally to adjacent bundles of mesenchymal cells. This tendency to form orthogonal bundles is almost pathognomonic for FSA.

31
Q

what is the metastatic potentiel of fibrosarc, and if it does spread, where to?

A

10-24%

regional lymph nodes and/ or the lung

32
Q

what is the best treatment for fibrosarc?

A

surgery + RT

33
Q

what is the problem with fibrosarcom, post-excision?

A

high recurrence rate

34
Q

what tumors are golden retrievers predisposed to?

A

high-low fibrosarc

fibrosarc

melanoma

35
Q

what tissue does high-low fibrosarc most often originate from?

A

maxillary gingiva

36
Q

what does high-low fibrosarc look like on histo?

A

paucicellular

matrix is often abundant

mesenchymal cells demonstrate bland cytological features, a lack of cellular pleomorphism and very few to no mitotic figures

37
Q

what is the best treatment for high-low fibrosarc?

A

surgery + radiation

38
Q

what is the second most common oral tumor in cats and how often is it seen?

A

fibrosarc

12,9 to 22% of all oral tumours

39
Q

how many osteosarcs occur in the head?

A

20 and 25% of all canine OSA lesions arise from the axial skeleton; of these tumors, 50% occur in the jawbones, hard palate, and/or craniofacial bones.

40
Q

how does one identify osteosarc on histo?

A

streams or sheets of neoplastic mesenchymal cells architecturally and cytologically consistent with sarcoma, and the presence of tumor associated osteoidal matrix

41
Q

precisely describe metastatic potentiel for osteosarcoma

A

metastasis rate 28.1% - 58%

OSA of the axial skeleton has a marginally better prognosis than appendicular

OSA of the mandible is reported to progress more slowly and have a decreased tendency to metastasize

capable of hematogenously spreading to the lung.

generally does not initially metastasize to the regional lymph nodes.

42
Q

what virus causes oral papillomatosis?

A

canine papillomavirus 1 (CPV-1)

43
Q

what is the course of the disease of oral papillomatosis?

A

incubation 4–8 weeks

rapid growth and expansion

followed by spontaneous immune-mediated regression within an additional 4–8 weeks (may take up to 12 months)

44
Q
A

Oral medicine (8 decks)

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