Non-metastatic manifestations of malignant disease Flashcards
What is Easton Lambert Syndrome?
Autoantibodies prevent acetylcholine from being released at muscle synapses
What are the signs of Eaton Lambert Syndrome?
- Proximal muscle weakness
- Intraocular muscle weakness (diplopia, ptosis)
- Pharyngeal muscle weakness (slurred speech, dysphagia)
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
Autoantibodies prevent acetylcholine from acting at muscle synapses
What is Myasthenia Gravis commonly associated with?
Thymoma
How can a lung cancer cause phrenic nerve palsy and how does it present?
Tumour causes nerve compression
Presentation:
- Diaphragm weakness
- SOB
What can small cell carcinoma cause?
- SIADH
- Cushing’s Syndrome
- Limbic encephalitis
What can squamous carcinoma cause?
- Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
- Hyperparathyroidism
What can adenocarcinoma cause?
- Hypertrophic osteoarthropahy
What is hypertrophic osteoarthropathy?
New bone forming in the periosteum in the forearms and lower legs
- Patient will have pain and marked clubbing
What is a paraneoplastic syndrome?
Cancer fighting antibodies or T-cells mistakenly attack normal cells in the NS
What is limbic encephalitis?
Small cell carcinoma causes immune system to make antibodies against limbic system of the brain -> anti-Hu antibodies
What can limbic encephalitis cause?
- Short-term memory impairment
- Hallucinations
- Confusion
- Seizures
What are the rarer manifestations of lung cancer?
o Acanthosis o Polymyositis o Dermatomyositis o Cerebellar syndrome o Thrombophlebitis o Fits o Confusion o Neuropathy
What is acanthosis?
Brown-to-black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin usually found in the body folds
What is polymyositis?
Bilateral muscle weakness
What is dermatomyositis?
Rash and worsening muscle weakness over time
What is thrombophlebitis?
Inflammatory process causing a blood clot to form and block one or more veins
