Management and Complications Flashcards
What is the management of small cell cancer?
o Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
o Palliation
What is the management of non-small cell cancer?
o Surgery if it is operable
o Radical radiotherapy
o Chemotherapy
o Palliation
What needs to take place before surgery is considered and why?
PET scan
- To see if there is any local or distal spread of the tumour
When would a tumour be inoperable?
- Distant metastasis
- Mediastinal spread
- Poor pulmonary function
- Frequent angina/HF
- Psychological failure
What can be targeted in some types of lung cancer if positive?
Epidermal Growth Factor receptor (EGFR) Proteins
- Gefitnib
What are the differentials for lung cancer?
- TB
- Pneumonia
- Lung metastases from other primaries
- Benign lung tumours
- Wegener’s granulomatosis
What is classed as hypercalcaemia?
High calcium >2.6mmol/L
What are the skeletal clinical features of hypercalcaemia?
- Bone pain
- Osteoporosis
- Fractures
What are the neuromuscular/neuropsychotic clinical features of hypercalcaemia?
- Drowsiness, delirium, coma
- Fatigue, lethargy, muscle weakness
- Impaired concentration and memory
- Depression, anxiety, psychosis
- Neurological signs (Upper motor neurone deficits, hypotonia, hyporeflexia and ataxia)
What are the GI clinical features of hypercalcaemia?
- Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss
- Constipation, abdominal pain
- Peptic ulcer, pancreatitis
What are the renal clinical features of hypercalcaemia?
- Renal colic (renal stones)
* Thirst, polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, dehydration
What are the CV clinical features of hypercalcaemia?
- HTN
- Shortened QT interval, prolonged PR interval
- Cardiac arrhythmias (V-fib) -> rare
How do you manage hypercalcaemia?
Manage the cause
