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Airframe Oral Questions (ACS) > Non-Metallic Structures > Flashcards

Non-Metallic Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Which species of wood is considered to be the standard when comparing other woods for use in aircraft structure?

A

Sitka spruce.

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2
Q

What is the basic difference between plywood and laminated wood?

A

The grain in each layer of laminated wood runs in the same direction. The grain in the layers of plywood runs at 90 degrees or 45 degrees to each other.

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3
Q

How is pressure applied to the glued joint when splicing a wooden aircraft wing spar?

A

With cabinet makers parallel clamps.

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4
Q

How much pressure must be applied to a glue joint in a piece of softwood to produce a strong joint?

A

125 to 150 pounds per square inch.

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5
Q

What is the correct repair to a wooden aircraft wing spar if the wing-attach bolt holes in the spar are elongated?

A

Splice in a new section of the spar and drill new holes.

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6
Q

What kind of repair is recommended for a hole in the plywood skin of an aircraft wing?

A

A scarf patch.

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7
Q

What is the recommended taper for a splayed patch in a plywood aircraft skin?

A

5 to 1.

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8
Q

What is the recommended taper for a scarf patch in a plywood aircraft skin?

A

12 to 1.

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9
Q

Why should sandpaper never be used when preparing a scarf joint in a wing spar for splicing?

A

The dust caused by sanding will plug the pores of the wood so the glue cannot get in to form a good bond.

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10
Q

What is the largest hole in a plywood wing skin that can be repaired with a fabric patch?

A

One inch in diameter.

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11
Q

Why are light steel bushings often used in bolt holes in a wooden wing spar?

A

The bushing keeps the spar from being crushed when the nut on the attachment bolt is tightened.

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12
Q

Which area of a wooden aircraft wing spar must not contain any splice?

A

There must be no splice under wing-attach fittings, landing gear fittings, engine mount fittings, or lift and interplane strut fittings.

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13
Q

How is compression wood identified?

A

It has a high specific gravity, it appears to have an excessive growth of summer wood, and little contrast between the spring wood and the summer wood.

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14
Q

What is done to a splice in a wooden aircraft wing spar to strengthen the splice?

A

Reinforcing plates are glued to both sides of the splice.

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15
Q

Why must abrupt changes in the cross-sectional area of a wooden structural member be avoided?

A

Abrupt changes in the cross-sectional area of a structural member concentrate stresses and can cause failure.

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16
Q

What are three types of fabric that can be used to cover an aircraft?

A

Cotton fabric, synthetic fabric, and glass fabric.

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17
Q

What paperwork must be completed if an aircraft that was originally covered with Grade-A cotton fabric is re-covered using a synthetic fabric?

A

The covering must be done according to an STC, and a Form 337 must be executed, stating that all materials and processes complied with the requirements of the STC.

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18
Q

What type of rib lacing cord is recommended for attaching cotton fabric to an aircraft structure?

A

Waxed linen cord.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the reinforcing tape that is used between the fabric and the rib lacing on an aircraft wing?

A

The reinforcing tape keeps the rib lacing cord from pulling through the fabric.

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20
Q

Should a sewed seam in the fabric used to cover an aircraft wing run spanwise or chordwise?

A

Both spanwise and chordwise seams are permissible, but chordwise seams are preferred.

21
Q

What is the preferred seam used for machine-sewing pieces of aircraft fabric together?

A

The French fell seam.

22
Q

What type of material is used for inter-rib bracing in a fabric-covered aircraft wing?

A

Cotton reinforcing tape.

23
Q

What type of knot is used for locking the stitches that are used for rib lacing on a fabric-covered aircraft wing?

A

A modified seine knot.

24
Q

What determines the spacing of the rib lacing stitches on a fabric-covered aircraft wing?

A

The never-exceed speed of the aircraft.

25
Q

When is the finishing tape applied to a fabric-covered wing when it is being recovered?

A

After the second coat of dope has dried and the nap of the fabric has been sanded off.

26
Q

What is the recommended type of repair to a fabric-covered aircraft surface when it has an L-shaped tear with each of the legs of the tear more than 14 inches long?

A

If the never-exceed speed of the aircraft is less than 150 mph, a doped-on repair can be made.

27
Q

What type of hand-sewing stitch is used when sewing in a panel of new fabric on an aircraft fabric-covered wing?

A

A baseball stitch, locked every eight to ten stitches.

28
Q

What is the minimum strength to which aircraft fabric Is allowed to deteriorate before it is considered to be unairworthy?

A

Fabric can deteriorate to 70 percent of the strength of the fabric that is required for the aircraft.

29
Q

What is an anti tear strip, and when are they required on a fabric-covered aircraft?

A

An anti tear strip is a strip of the same type of fabric as is used for covering the wings. It is laid over the rib between the reinforcing tape and the fabric. An anti tear strip is required for aircraft that have a never-exceed speed in excess of 250 mph.

30
Q

Where are drainage grommets located on a fabric-covered aircraft wing?

A

At the lowest point in each bay. It is customary to install a grommet on each side of a wing rib, on the underside of the wing, at the trailing edge.

31
Q

How is the strength of the fabric on an aircraft structure determined?

A

An approximate strength test can be made with an FAA-approved fabric punch tester, but the only way to know for sure that the fabric has sufficient strength is by pull-testing a one-inch-wide sample of the fabric.

32
Q

Why are some portions of the structure of an aircraft dope proofed before they are covered with fabric?

A

Dope proofing keeps the fabric from sticking to the structure when the first coat of dope is applied. The fabric normally sags enough to touch the structure before it begins to pull taut.

33
Q

What is done to cotton and linen fabric to protect it from mildew?

A

The first coat of dope that is used on cotton and linen fabric has a mildewcide mixed in it.

34
Q

Why is the surface tape used on the the trailing edge of the control surface of some airplanes notched?

A

Since the edges of this tape face into the wind, it is possible that it could start to lift and form a very effective spoiler. If the tape is notched, it will tear off at a notch.

35
Q

How is polyester synthetic fabric shrunk on an aircraft structure?

A

It is shrunk with heat from an iron or from a heated blower.

36
Q

Why should wooden wing spars be finished with a transparent varnish?

A

The transparent finish allows any decay or rot that develops in the wood to be detected.

37
Q

What is used as a protective finish for the inside of steel tubing?

A

Hot linseed oil.

38
Q

What happens to an enamel finish when paint remover is applied to it?

A

The enamel softens and swells so that it pulls away from the surface of the metal.

39
Q

What should be done to an aircraft surface that is covered with paint remover to give the remover the maximum amount of time to soak into the old finish?

A

The surface should be covered with a piece of polyethylene sheeting such as a paint drop cloth. This will keep the solvents from evaporating before they have time to penetrate the paint film.

40
Q

When mixing epoxy paint, should the converter be added to the resin or the resin to the converter?

A

The converter should always be added to the resin, never the resin to the converter.

41
Q

What is the general reason for runs and sags in a finish that is being sprayed onto a flat surface?

A

Too much paint is being applied. The film is too thick.

42
Q

What can be done to remedy blushing that has formed on a doped surface that has just been sprayed?

A

Spray a very light mist coat of a mixture of one part retarder to two parts of thinner over the blushed area. Allow it to dry and spray on another coat. If this does not remove the blush, the blushed dope will have to be sanded off and new dope applied.

43
Q

What safety precaution must be observed when sweeping a paint room that has dried dope or lacquer overspray on the floor?

A

The floor must be wet down with water before it is swept. Static electricity from dry sweeping can cause a fire.

44
Q

What will happen if dope is sprayed over an enameled surface?

A

The thinner in the dope will penetrate the enamel surface and cause it to swell.

45
Q

What are three types of primer that may be used when painting an aircraft?

A

Zinc chromate primer, wash primer, and epoxy primer.

46
Q

How is the finish removed from a fiberglass aircraft component that is being repaired?

A

The finish must be sanded off. Paint remover can soften the resin of which the component is made.

47
Q

What are the two basic types of dope that are used on fabric-covered aircraft?

A

Nitrate dope and butyrate (CAB) dope.

48
Q

What kind of dope is used on polyester synthetic fabric that has been heat-shrunk on an aircraft structure?

A

Non Tautening butyrate dope.

Airframe Oral Questions (ACS) (15 decks)

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