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Minerals > Non-Metallic Minerals > Flashcards

Non-Metallic Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Non-Metallic Minerals.

A

There are many non-metallic minerals. They are all slightly different, depending on how they were formed and the other materials they are made up of. Many of them are very useful.

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2
Q

Where are Non-Metallic Minerals found and how are they treated?

A

They are found all over the world and are mined or quarried and then treated in different ways, such as cutting, grinding, heating, mixing, shaping, and purifying.

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3
Q

What are the useful products from Non-Metallic Minerals?

A

Some of the most useful mineral products include salt, lime, cement, glass, fertilisers, silicon products for computers, and ceramics (including china clay pottery and tiles).

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4
Q

How many types of cement have been made and what is modern cement composed of?

A

Different types of cement have been made since ancient times. Modern cement is mainly composed of limestone, clay, and gypsum.

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5
Q

What is Cement mainly used as?

A

Cement is mainly used as a binder in concrete, which is a basic material for all types of construction.

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6
Q

What are the industrial uses of Cement?

A

Its industrial uses include housing, roads, schools, hospitals, dams, ports, as well as for decorative applications for patios, floors, staircases, driveways, pool decks, etc.

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7
Q

Which countries produces much more cement than any other country?

A

China produces much more cement than any other country, followed by India. Both countries have large deposits of gypsum.

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8
Q

What is gypsum used in other than making cement?

A

Gypsum is also used in making fertilizers, plaster, wallboard, and toothpaste

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9
Q

How many cement industries does Pakistan have?

A

Pakistan has twenty-nine cement industries.

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10
Q

What vital role do Pakistan’s cement industries play?

A

Pakistan has twenty-nine cement industries which play a vital role in developmental work and economic growth of the country. Other than local consumption, Pakistan also exports cement to multiple countries.

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11
Q

What is the Limestone production in 2020 in Pakistan?

A

57,697,651 tonnes

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12
Q

What is the Rock salt production in 2020 in Pakistan?

A

2,613,031 tonnes

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13
Q

What is the gypsum production in 2020 in Pakistan?

A

1,616,750 tonnes

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14
Q

What is the clay production in 2020 in Pakistan?

A

3,600,517 tonnes

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15
Q
A
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15
Q

What is Potash?

A

Potash is a mixture of materials, including potassium.

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16
Q
A
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16
Q

What is Potash used in?

A

It is used for making fertilisers, which help plants to grow.

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17
Q

Which are the main Potash producing countries?

A

The main potash-producing countries are Canada and Russia.

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17
Q

What do industries in Pakistan use potash for?

A

Fertiliser industries in Pakistan use potash to make fertilisers and other mixtures to reclaim soil after over cropping or flooding.

18
Q

What are other uses of potash by industries?

A

It is also used in the ceramics and cleaning detergent making industries.

19
Q

What has the Earth lost and why?

A

The Earth has lost its arable land in the past 40 years. This is mainly due to population growth and unsustainable human activities that have increased soil erosion, pollution, and climate change.

20
Q

Which country is the main producer and exporter of phosphates?

A

The main producer and exporter of phosphates is Morocco.

21
Q

What are Phosphates?

A

Phosphates are minerals containing phosphorus.

22
Q

What are Phosphates important for?

A

They are important for making fertilizers and chemicals used in industries.

23
Q

Where are phosphate deposits found in Pakistan?

A

Phosphate deposits are found in Kakul and Hazara in Pakistan.

24
Q

Where is the largest salt mine?

A

The largest salt mine is in Goderich, Ontario, Canada.

25
Q

Where is the SECOND largest salt mine?

A

The second largest is at Khewra, Punjab, Pakistan.

26
Q

The world’s main salt producing countries are????

A

The world’s main salt producing countries are China, the USA, and India.

27
Q

Where does salt come from?

A

The salt we use comes from mines, but salt can also be obtained from sea water.

28
Q

What is the Salt Range in Panjab?

A

The Salt Range in Punjab is a region where one of Pakistan’s main non-metallic minerals are found.

29
Q

When were the Khewra salt mines discovered?

A

The Khewra Salt Mines are among the world’s oldest salt mines which was discovered in 326 when Alexander the Great was fighting against Raja Porus in this region.

30
Q

How much land does the Khewra Salt Mines cover?

A

They cover an underground area of around 110 km².

31
Q

How much deposits does the Khewra Salt Mines have?

A

Thay have about 6.5 billion tonnes of salt deposits.

32
Q

Where are other salt mines of Pakistan located?

A

Other salt mines are to the south of Islamabad: Warchi, Kalabagh (on the banks of the Indus River), Jatta (near Karak), and Bahadur Khel.

33
Q

What is salt used for?

A

Most of the salt is used in chemical industries, but some is purified for food use.

34
Q

Which other non-metallic mineral is mined at Khewra? Where else is it mined in Pakistan?

A

Gypsum is also mined at Khewra, and in several other parts of Pakistan.

35
Q

Where is Calcite mined?

A

Punjab

36
Q

What are the uses of Calcite?

A

Cement, glass-making, lime production, steel-making.

37
Q

Where is Kaolin mined?

A

Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

38
Q

What are the uses of Kaolin?

A

Making china, toothpaste, cosmetics, medicine, soap, organic pesticides

39
Q

Where is Potash mined?

A

Panjab

40
Q

What are the uses of Potash?

A

Fertilisers, electroplating, medicine, cement, fire extinguishers, processed foods

41
Q

Where are Phosphates mined?

A

Salt Range (Punjab), Pab Range (Balochistan), Hazara (KPK)

42
Q

What are the uses of Phosphates?

A

Fertilisers, animal feed, plant foods, many industrial chemicals.

43
Q

Where is Vermiculite mined?

A

Kalat, Balochistan

44
Q

What are the uses of Vermiculite?

A

Moulded shapes for fireproofing, brake linings for vehicles, insulating boards, used instead of soil for plants, packing material

45
Q

Where is Sulphur mined?

A

Balochistan

46
Q

What are the uses of Sulphur?

A

Making sulphuric acid, textiles, fertilisers, pesticides, fungicides

Minerals (8 decks)

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