NON-METALLIC MATERIALS (WOOD AND FABRIC) Flashcards
Chosen material for aircraft construction during World War 1 in 1939.
Wood
Types of wood
Solid wood
Plywood
Laminated wood
Made from one solid log that was cut into quarters and is commonly used in aircraft wing spars.
Solid wood
Two or more woods of the same grain direction that are glued together.
Laminated wood
Manufacturing Process of Laminated Wood:
Spruce → Structural wood → Kiln drying → Strength grading → Finger jointing → Planing → Glue application → Pressing → Planing → Packing
Three or more thin sheets of wood board with alternating grain direction (1st layer: vertical grain, 2nd layer: horizontal grain) that are glued and pressed together.
Plywood
Manufacturing Process of Plywood:
Log selection → Conditioning of log → Peeling → Veneer cutting → Veneer drying → Jointing and repairs → Veneer grading → Glueing → Pre-pressing and lay up → FInal pressing → Trimming to size → Sanding → Quality inspection → Packaging and storage
Species of wood
Hardwoods
Softwoods
Types of hardwood
Mahogany
birch
Types of softwood
Sitka spruce
douglas fir
balsa
noble fir
northern white pine
Wood defects
limb
check
shake
knot
sapwood
heartwood
acceptable defects
cross-grain
wavy, curly, and interlocked grain
hard knots
pin knot clusters
pitch pockets
mineral streaks
non-acceptable defects
cross-grain
wavy, curly, and interlocked grain
hard knots
pin knot clusters
spike knots
pitch pockets
mineral streaks
checks, shakes, and splits
compression failures
decay
types of adhesives
Casein adhesive
synthetic-resin adhesive
plastic resin glue
Synthetic-Resin adhesive types
Resocinol glue
Phenol-formadehyde glue
Epoxy resins
What are the inspection method of wood?
moisture metering
tapping
probing
prying
smelling
visual inspection
what is critical to the structural strength of an aircraft wooden structure. To ensure the structural integrity of a wood joint, the bonding process must be carefully controlled?
bonding process
Wood bonding process
Preparation
Utilization
Performing
Considering the following periods when applying adhesive
pot life
open assembly time
closed assembly type
pressing
What is used to squeeze adhesive out into a thin, continuous film between the wood layers. This forces air from the joint and
brings the wood surfaces into intimate contact. Pressure should be applied to the joint before the adhesive becomes too thick to flow and is accomplished by means of clamps, presses, or other mechanical devices.
Clamping pressure
two classifications of plastic
thermoplastic resin
thermosetting resins
Types of Thermoplastic Material
cellulose acetate
acrylic
other types:
cellulose acetate polyethylene
vinyl
acrylic resin
Polytetraflouroethylene (Teflon)
Types of Thermoplastic Material
polyester resin
vinyl ester resin
phenolic resin
epoxy
polyimides
polybensimidazoles (pbi)
bismaleimides (bmi)
-Has been used in the early stages of aviation history.
-Wright Flyer is a famous fabric-covered aircraft.
Fabrics
Fabric problem areas
deterioration
tension
types of fabric weaving
plain
twill
satin
basket
leno
mock leno
the direction along the length of fabric
wrap
the direction across the width of the fabric.
fill or weave
the number of threads per inch in warp or filling.
count
the number of yarns making up a thread.
ply
a cut, fold, or seam made diagonally to the warp or fill threads.
bias
an edge which has been cut by machine or special pinking shears in a continuous series of Vs to prevent raveling.
pinked edge
the edge of cloth, tape, or webbing woven to prevent raveling.
salvage edge
condition of polyester fabric upon completion of the production process before being heat shrunk.
greige
brushing or spraying where the second coat is applied 90° to the direction the first coat was applied. The two coats together make a single cross coat.
cross coat
fabric covering process
blanket method
envelope method
A plasticized lacquer that is applied to fabric-coated aircraft.
aircraft dope
Aircraft Fabric Synthetic
STC approved covering material
Polyester Filaments
Covering Procedure
Installation
Physical Specifications and minimum strength requirements for natural fabric fiber, cotton
and linen, used to recover or repair components of an aircraft.
Aircraft Fabric-Natural
Aircraft Fabric | Natural
recovering aircraft
reinforcing tape
finishing tape
lacing cord
machine thread and hand sewing
PREPARATION OF THE STRUCTURE FOR
COVERING
Fairing Precaution
Dope protection
