Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - Krafts Flashcards
Different between leukemia vs lymphoma?
Leukemia starts in BM
Lymphoma starts in lymph nodes
Causes of lymphadenopathy:
REMEBER THIS!
Most common cause overall: benign reaction to infection
Most common malignant causes: Metastatic carcinoma
Follicular Hyperplasia
Things you must know!
- Large, irregular follicles
- Mixture of cells in germinal centers
- Tingible body macrophages
- B cell response to some immune stimulus
Interfollicular Hyperplasia
Things you must know!
- Expanded area between follicles
- Mixture of cells
- Partial effacement
- T-cell response to some immune stimulus
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Things you must know!
- Malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells (blasts or mature) in lymph nodes
- Skips around- hard to predict where it will go
- Many subtypes
- Most are B cells
Symptoms of NHL:
- Painless, firm lymphadenopathy
- Extranodal manifestations
- “B” symptoms: weight loss, night sweats, fever (sign of worse prognosis)
Low grade vs high grade NHL?
-
Low Grade
- Older patients
- Indolent (incurable)
- Small, mature cells
- Non-destructive
-
High Grade:
- Children or adults
- Aggressive (curable?)
- Big, ugly cells
- Destructive (invasive)
Types of low grade NHL
- Small lymphocytic lymphoma
- Malt lymphoma
- Follicular lymphoma
- Mycosis fungoides
Types of High Grade NHL
- Large cell lymphoma
- Lymphoblastic lymphoma
- Burkitt lymphoma
Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (aka CLL)
Things you must know!
- Small mature lymphocytes
- Same thing as CLL
- B-cell lesions, but CD5+
- Long course, death from infection
Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Things you must know!
- Actually a bunch of lymphomas
- Marginal zone pattern
- Malt lymphoma - mucosa assoicated lymphoid tissue
-
Helicobacter pylori - associated with Malt lymphoma
- Get rid of it and the lymphoma will go away!
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Things you must know:
- Mantle zone pattern
- Small angulated lymphocytes
- t(11;14) - bcl-1 and IgH
- More aggressive
Follicular Lymphoma
Things you must know!
- Follicular pattern - b/c they come from germinal centers
- Small cleaved cell, mixed or large cell
- Grade 1, 2, 3
- t(14;18) - IgH and bcl-2
- When they get into blood–> butt cells
- Can see paratrabecular aggregate –> CD20 stain to see it
Mycosis Fungoides (lymphoma) / Sezary Syndrome (leukemia)
Things you must know!
- Skin lesions (Pautrier microabscess)
- Blood involvement
- Cerebriform lymphocytes – look like little brains (Sezary cell)
- T cell imunophenotype
Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma
Things you must know!
- Large B cells
- Extranodal involvement
- Grows rapidly
- BAD prognosis
