Non-Genetic HL

Question 1

Why is the Apgar Score administered?

Answer 1

To determine the state of neonates

it’s administered 1 and 5 min post birth

Question 2

Apgar score observes heart rate, respiratory effort, reflex, irritability, ____________, and color.

Answer 2

Muscle Tone

Question 3

Any disorders of respiration may cause ___________ hearing loss due to ________.

Answer 3

sensorineural; hypoxemia

hypoxemia=low oxygen levels in blood

Question 4

TORCH Complex includes factors that could cause what?

Answer 4

hearing loss

Question 5

T --> 
O -->
R -->
C -->
H -->

Answer 5

Toxoplasmosis 
Other bacterial Infections
Rubella
CMV (cytomegalo virus)
Herpes

Question 6

TORCH are __________ infections. (what kind?)

Answer 6

Congenital

Question 7

Toxoplasmosis is transmitted by what? (2 things)

Answer 7

• transmitted through undercooked meat or contact with cat feces
• can lead to vision problems or later development of HL

Question 8

Syphillis can cause __________ and _________.

*Congenital Infection (CI)

Answer 8

sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction (balance issues)

Question 9

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) causes the greatest damage during what trimester?
*(CI)

Answer 9

in the first trimester

*affects hearing, vision, heart, psychomotor

Question 10

A Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during the first trimester can affect the fetus. T or F?
*(CI)

Answer 10

FALSE; a CMV infection during ANY gestation stage will affect the fetus.

*10-15% of those infected will have progressive SNL and/or developmental delay & CNS sequelae

Question 11

What are some of the symptoms of herpes simplex virus (HSV)?
(there’s 4)
*(CI)

Answer 11

Nenonates may show: rash, organ dysfunction, neurologic difficulties, and SNHL.

Question 12

Meningitis causes _______ to ______ hearing loss.

*Postnatal Infection (PI)

Answer 12

mild to profound

• can also lead to ossification of the cochlea
• cases are decreasing b/c of vaccines

Question 13

Hyperbilirubinemia is a byproduct of what?

Answer 13

the breakdown of red blood cells

Question 14

jaundice or yellow color to the skin is caused by

Answer 14

hyperbilirubinemia

Question 15

why is hyperbilirubinemia so harmful?

Answer 15

too much bilirubin is neurotoxic –> too much can be harmful to the CNS and it is associated with auditory neuropathy.

Question 16

damage to the spiral ganglia, auditory nerve, and brainstem nuclei is a result of ….

Answer 16

high level of bilirubin

Question 17

Hyperbilirubinemia treatments

Answer 17

• phototherapy (light therapy)

- blood transfusions in severe cases

Question 18

Collapsed ear canals, cerumen and foreign bodies, bony growths, otitis externa

Answer 18

Issues with external ear that could lead to HL

Question 19

HL- Middle Ear Issues

Answer 19

Otitis Media, cholesteatoma, mastoiditis, tympanosclerosis

Question 20

HL- Inner Ear Issues

Answer 20

autoimmune disease, acoustic neuroma, ototoxicity, noise induced HL

Question 21

a noise induced hearing loss leads to –>

Answer 21

notched SNHL near 4000 Hz

Question 22

Michel aplasia and mondini aplasia are?

Answer 22

congenital inner ear malformations

Question 23

complete absence of the inner ear and auditory nerve: ______ :: incomplete development of the membranous and bony labyrinth: _______

Answer 23

Michel Aplasia

Mondini Aplasia