Non-fatal offences Flashcards
What is the hierarchy of NFOs?
- Wounding/GBH with intent
- Wounding/GBH
- ABH
- Battery
- Assault
What is the definition of assault?
Intentionally or recklessly causing another to apprehend immediate and unlawful violence
What is the actus reus of assault?
- apprehension
- immediate
- unlawful
- personal violence
What is the mens rea of assault?
Intentionally
Recklessly –
* Risk and
* In circumstances known to D, unreasonable to take risk
What is the actus reus of battery?
- application
- unlawful
- force
What can application for battery be?
- Directly/indirectly
- Omission
What is the mens rea of battery?
Intentionally
Recklessly –
* Risk and
* In circumstances known to D, unreasonable to take risk
What are the defences to assault and battery?
- self defence
- consent
- intoxication
What is the maximum penalty for battery?
6 months/£5000 fine
What is the actus reus of ABH?
Assault
Occasioning
Actual bodily harm
Can ABH be committed by omission?
Yes
What does actual bodily harm mean and what can it include?
calculated to interfere with health/comfort of victim
- cutting hair
- psychiatric harm
What is the mens rea of ABH?
Intention or recklessness to cause assault/battery
What is the actus reus of s20 GBH?
Wound
Inflict GBH
Does GBH require assault to be committed first?
No