Non-experimental Methods -observation

Question 1

Naturalistic observations =

+ the two different types

Answer 1

Takes place in pps natural setting/environment

No manipulation of environment

Pp observation = observer is part of situation
Non Pp observation =observer is not part of situation

Question 2

Covert observation

Answer 2

Pps don’t know being observed - kept secret

Question 3

Overt observation

Answer 3

Pps know being observed

Question 4

Operationalisations of behaviours =

Answer 4

Particular behaviours that have to be selected and operationalised (measure and define).

Question 5

Inter observer reliability

Answer 5

Two or more observers compare their two sets of data to see if there is a correlation.
If there is = inter Observer reliability

Question 6

Key themes occur when

Answer 6

Analysing qualitative data

Question 7

A tally chart occurs when

Answer 7

Recording quantitative data

Question 8

When research include children should ask for their consent and give right to withdraw. Also must …

Answer 8

Ensure never observed in public places or without consent of guardian.
If in an institution e.g. School must get theirs too

Question 9

Positive and negative about structured observations

Answer 9

Positive = good controls = reliable 
Negative = situation is staged = limits generalisability

Question 10

+/- naturalistic observations

Answer 10

Positives = highly valid
Negatives = harder to control, lack reliability
Pp observation = valid data too but can be biased or subjective
Non pp o = P=objective . N=low validity

Question 11

Covert observation +/-

Answer 11

\+ = more valid
- = unethical, no right to withdraw or informed consent, pps may be caused distress-secret taking part

Question 12

Overt is more ethical however may produce demand characteristics and data may not be as valid. True of false?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Structured observations =

Answer 13

Carried out in a structured setting