Experimental/pp design Flashcards
Experimental hypothesis =
Predicts the difference you expect to find in the DV when the IV is manipulated/controlled
Aim =
Broad statement of the purpose of the research
Define a directional hypothesis and give an example
= one tailed, points the expected results in specific directional outcome
E.G. Taller people weigh more than shorter people
Define a non-directional hypothesis and give an example
Two tailed.
Predicts there will be an effect but does not specify the expected direction.
E.G. Height affects weight.
A prediction - no relationship between IV AND DV other than that by chance
Null hypothesis
Independent variable =
Affects DV and researcher manipulates/controls
Dependent variable
Affected by IV
And is measured
What is the process of defining and measuring the IV and the DV to allow for replication ?
Operationalisation of the IV and the DV
When the same group of pps do both tasks or conditions in an investigation
Repeated measures design
Independent groups design is when different independent groups of pps do each task or condition…
True or false?
True
Matched pairs =
When different groups of pps do each task…but the two sets of pps are matched, e.g. IQ, sex etc.
What is an extraneous variable?
An uncontrolled variable that can influence findings.
Often effect DV to look like was an effect.
Control of extraneous variables =
Need to be identified and controlled before starts - fair test+maximise reliability and experimental V.
Variables that have not been controlled and have a direct impact on results, reducing experimental validity. E.g. situational v’s and participant v’s =
Confounding variables.
E.g. Noise and in a bad mood
Order effects such as fatigue and practice can be minimised by
Using:
Independent groups
Matched pairs designs
Or counterbalancing
What is standardisation and why is it vital?
Standardising the procedures= exactly the sa,e for all pps.
Vital to ensure the researcher knows it is the IV that is affecting the DV and not the variations in the way the pps were handled or other extraneous variables
How can you help get rid of order effects and ensuring that there isn’t a pattern?
Randomisation/random allocation
Procedures prevent other variables (ex.) affecting results and experimental validity
Give 3 controls that could take place
Ensure all pps are the same:
Age
Do same task
Same amount of time to answer questions
What is the experimental condition?
Experimental condition = researcher changes the IV to see if the DV is affected. Exp.group are subjected tot he changes on the IV
Control condition ?
Control condition = baseline check against the exp.condition
