Non experimental methods Flashcards
what are the five non experimental methods
observations
case studies
surveys
descriptive research
correlational research
what are the main features of naturalistic observation?
observer stays in the background
observe the reality
natural environment
name 2 problems of naturalistic observations and give 2 solutions
problem : reliability of catergories
solutions : inter observer reliability
problem : reactivity (ppt change behaviour)
solutions : ppt observation
what are the three types of surveys?
questionnaire
interviews
diary studies
problems with surveys?
reactivity - lies
questionnaire validity
comparing answers
relies on memory of the ppt
solution to problems with questionnaire validity?
use a questionnaire that has been validated
advantages of structured interviews
easily quantified
can compare across ppt
all topics covered
what is a structured interview?
fixed set of questions
e.g. multiple choice / ratings
disadvantages of structured interviews?
rigid structure - can’t expand
not adaptable to ppt
surface level info
what are unstructured interviews?
no fixed order
no set questions
advantages of unstructured
in depth info
relevant to specific ppt
disadvantages of unstructured interviews
generalisability - no set structure
time consuming analysis
advantages of descriptive research?
able to study practically and ethically
inexpensive and flexible
real life studies - no manipulation
ecological validity
disadvantages of descriptive research
researcher bias
reactivity
lacks cause and effect
what is correlational research?
determine relationship between co variables
