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mcat biochemistry > Non enzymatic protein function and protein analysis. > Flashcards

Non enzymatic protein function and protein analysis. Flashcards

CELLULAR FUNCTIONS BIOSIGNALING PROTEIN ISOLATION PROTEIN ANALYSIS

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

name the structural proteins found in our body

A
  • collagen
    • elastin
    • keratin
    • actin
    • Tubulin
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2
Q

Elastin

A

Protein with stretchiness that restores tissue shape

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3
Q

Purpose of keratin

A

provide mechanical integrity to hair and nails

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4
Q

Purpose of collagen

A

Provides tissue stability and strength

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5
Q

Examples of motor proteins

A

Myosin
Kinesin
dynein

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6
Q

Function of myosin

A

sarcomere contraction

cellular transport

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7
Q

Function of Kinesin

A

Involved in metaphase and anaphase cellular process

Move towards positive end of microtubule

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8
Q

Function of Dynein

A
  • sliding movement of cilia and flagella.

- Moves toward negative end of microtubule.

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9
Q

Which type of ion channel is unresponsive to both molecule binding and local depolarization?

A

Ungated channels

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10
Q

What is the correct sequence of events for enzyme-linked receptor activity?

A

Ligand binds, conformational change, catalysis

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11
Q

what are the means of biosignaling

A

Ion channels
Enzyme linked receptors
G-protein coupled receptors

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12
Q

Types of ion channels

A

voltage gated
ligand gated
ungated

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13
Q

purpose of ion channels

A

facilitate passive diffusion

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14
Q

Which type of of signalling receptor requires ATP to function?

A

G Protein-coupled receptors

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15
Q

Name the three types of G⍺-protein, their function, and results of activity

A

Gs: stimulates adenylate cyclase; increasing cAMP concentration

Gi: Inhibits adenylate cyclase; decreases cAMP concentration

Gq: activates Phospholipase C; increasing signaling molecules such as PIP2, DAG, and IP3

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16
Q

Which protein does NOT play a role in the propagation of action potentials in efferent neurons of the central nervous system?

A

G protein-coupled receptors

17
Q

Glycogen breakdown in hepatocytes is activated by an increase in cAMP concentration in the cytosol. The hormone glucagon initiates the breakdown of glycogen. Which occurs first in this signaling process?

A

Glucagon binds to Gs coupled-protein receptors

18
Q

The two methods if protein isolation

A

Electrophoresis and chromatography

19
Q

Types of Electrophoresis

A

Native PAGE
SDS PAGE
Isolectric focusing

20
Q

Purpose Native PAGE

A

undenatured protein seperation by size and charge

21
Q

Purpose of SDS PAGE

A

separation of denatured proteins by size and charge

denaturing agent is DTT or mercaptoethanol

SDS simply adds the universal negative charge to all the proteins so that during PAGE process, the proteins are moving toward the positive end of the gel.

22
Q

Purpose of Isoelectric focusing

A

separation based on isoelectric point (pH at which AA is has no charge)

This method focuses on acidic and basic properties

23
Q

Which ion channel Is responsible for MAINTAINING the resting membrane potential?

A

Ungated channels

24
Q

Which method of protein isolation is best for separating large quantities.

A

Chromatography

*Note: if pI values are significantly different then ion exclusion chromatography Is best.

If Molecular weights are significantly different then size-exclusion is best option.

25
Q

Features of structural proteins

A

1) Embedded to cell membrane
2) highly Repetitive secondary structure
3) Provide intracellular support.

26
Q

_____ are a type of stabilizing proteins that transport or sequester molecules

They also exhibit a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for binding affinity

A

Binding proteins

27
Q

Examples of Binding proteins

A

Hemoglobin, Calcium-Binding proteins, ssDNA binding proteins

28
Q

Types of cell adhesion molecules

A

Cadherin
Selectin
Integrins

29
Q

Importance of cell adhesion molecules

A
  • bind cell to extracellular matrix
  • cell to cell connection
  • targeted by certain drugs (cancer )
30
Q

Types of Cadherins

A

P-Cadherins (Placenta)
E-cadherins (epithelial)
N-cadherins (Neural)

31
Q

______ are glycoproteins that mediate adhesion of calcium-dependent cells

A

Cadherins

32
Q

Importance of Integrins

A
  • Cell to extracellular proteins binding
    - Involved in cellular signaling
    - promote cell division
    - promote cell apoptosis
    - promote platelet activation
    - Promote white blood cell migration
33
Q

Importance of selections

A
  • bind cell to surface sugars
  • found in white blood cell membrane and promotes their migration during inflammation
  • Found in blood vessel cell membrane
34
Q

Immunoglobin methods of ridding the body of foreign invaders

A

neutralization, opsonization(targeting for destruction), or agglutination

35
Q

Purpose of constant region of Immunoglobulins

A

recruit other immune cells such as macrophages

mcat biochemistry (7 decks)

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