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GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI AND GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI > NON ENTERIC GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOGEN > Flashcards

NON ENTERIC GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOGEN Flashcards

1
Q

Comma/curved bacillus

A

Vibrio

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2
Q

It is found in brackish or estuarine water, and marine water or salt water. It is temperature sensitive (> 20°C) and it can be isolated from algae, plankton, fish and shellfish.

A

Vibrio

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3
Q

Facultative anaerobe, monotrichous, halophillic organism (halophilic except V. cholerae and R. mimicus)

A

Vibrio

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4
Q

Vibrio spp. are halophilic except…

A

V. cholerae and R. mimicus

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5
Q

Microscopic appearance of Vibrio

A

Gram negative short, curved rod
Asporogenous

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Susceptibility test for Vibrio spp.

A

150ug VIbriostatic disk on MHA or TSA (01/29)

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8
Q

Virbio mode of acquisition

A

Consumption of raw or undercooked seafoods

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9
Q

Diseases /Infection associated with Vibrio

A

Cholera, wound infection, septicemia and necrotizing fasciitis

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10
Q

Smooth, opaque, Iridescent with a greenish hue (CAP)
a or ß hemolysis (BAP)

Oxidase (+)
Reduce nitrates to nitrite
Glucose fermenter, NLF
Motility test: polar sheated flagella (broth)
Peritrichous, unsheated flagella (solid media)

A

Vibrio

Reduce nitrates to nitrite except V. metschnikovii
Glucose fermenter, NLF except V. vulnificus

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11
Q

Vibrio spp. that causes the most severe disease

A

V. vulnificus

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12
Q

The causative agent of cholera/asiatic cholera/epidemic cholera

A

V. cholerae 01

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13
Q

The single flagellum Is covered with lipopolysaccharide sheath. It has rapid darting or shooting-star motility.

A

Vibrio cholerae

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14
Q

Vibrio cholerae has caused Cholera epidemic (_____strains) and seven pandemics (______ strains)

A

01 and 0139 strains
01 strains

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15
Q

Epidemic V. cholerae 01 biogroups

A

Classical
El tor

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16
Q

VP (-); do not agglutinate chicken RBC, susceptible to polymixin B (50kg)

A

Classical V. cholerae 01

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17
Q

VP (+); agglutinate chicken RBC; resistant to polymixin B (50/g).

A

El tor V. cholerae 01

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18
Q

Vibrio cholerae potent enterotoxins

A

Cholera toxin (CT)
Zot toxin
Ace toxin

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19
Q

Vibrio cholerae virulence factor

A

Choleragen

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20
Q

String test reaction of Vibrio cholerae

A

Mucoid “stringing” reaction

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21
Q

Vibrio cholerae antigenic structures

A

Somatic O and Flagellar H (V. cholerae subgroups)

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22
Q

Virbio cholerae TSI reaction

A

A/A, (-) gas, (-) H2S

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23
Q

Mode of acquisition of Cholera

A

Mainly through contaminated water
Ingestion of improperly preserved food like seafoods (shellfish), milk and ice cream

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24
Q

It is an acute diarrheal disease with rice-watery stool (10-30x of defecation/day)

A

Cholera

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25
Q

2 functional units of choleragen

A

Enzymatic A subunit
Intestinal receptor-binding B subunit

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26
Q

How does choleragen stimulate diarrhea?

A

A subunit choleragen enters the intestinal epithelial cells and activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase by the addition of an ADP-ribosyl group in a way similar to that employed by diptheria toxin

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27
Q

Responsible for the stimulation of hypersecretion of water and chloride ions while Inhibiting absorption of sodium ions, leading to massive fluld loss (10-15 liters) and electrolytes

A

Choleragen

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28
Q

____ provides the attachment to mucosal cells for cholera toxin release

A

Toxin-coregulated pili (TCP)

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29
Q

Allows for the penetration of the mucosal layers

A

Mucinase

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30
Q

The second most common Vibrio species Implicated in gastroenteritis

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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31
Q


It is the etlologic agent of “summer diarrhea” in Japan

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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32
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic strain

A

V. parahaemolyticus serotype Us:K6

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33
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus mode of acquisition

A

Eating contaminated seafoods like oyster, scallops, crabs, lobsters and shrimps, and even sardines

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34
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence factor

A

Heat-stable hemolysin

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35
Q

The phenomenon wherein hemolysis is induced by hemolysins

A

Kanagawa phenomenon

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36
Q

Bacteria associated with kanagawa phenomenon

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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37
Q

Selective medium for Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

Wagatsuma agar (high-salt mannitol medium)

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38
Q

Strains of Virbio parahaemolyticus that can lyse human RBCs is known as…

A

Konagawa toxin positive.

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39
Q

It was commonly referred to as the “lactose-positive” Vibrio

A

Vibrio vulnificus

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40
Q

Second to V. cholerae in terms in producing serious type of Vibrio-associated infection

A

Vibrio vulnificus

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41
Q

Infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus

A

Primary septicemla and wound Infections

42
Q

Mode of acquisition of Vibrio vulnificus

A

Eating raw oysters and fish (Tilapla)

43
Q

The least pathogenic Vibrio for humans and is not commonly Isolated.

A

Vibrio alginolyticus

44
Q

Vibrio spp. that is a strict halophile (I% to 10% NaCl). It can be an occupational hazard to fishermen and sailors.


A

Vibrio alginolyticus

45
Q

Specimen for Vibrio

A

Stool
Rectal swab
Pus
Tissue

46
Q

Transport medium for Vibrio species

A

Only Cary-Blair medium

47
Q

Vibrio spp. require media containing O5% NaCl except…

A

V. cholerae and V. mimicus

48
Q

Vibrio that tolerates up to 10% NaCl

A

Virbrio alginolyticus

49
Q

Pathogenic vibrio grows as ___ on Mac Conkey agar

50
Q

Alkaline peptone water with 1% NaCl (pH 8.5) can be inoculated (at least 20 mL) and incubated for ______________ before subculturing to TCBS

A

5-8 hours at 35ºC

51
Q

Which Vibrio spp. are sucrose fermenters (yellow colonles on TCBS):

A

V. cholerae
V. alginolyticus
V. metschnikovii

52
Q

Which Vibrio spp. are nonsucrose fermenters (green colonies on TCBS):

A

V. mimicus
V. vulnificus
V.parahemolyticus
V. damsela

53
Q

Reagent used for string test

A

0.5% Sodium desoxycholate

54
Q

It differentiates Vibrio spp from Aeromonas spp

A

String test

55
Q

Positive reaction of string test

A

Lysis of cells (Vibrio) - releases DNA, which can then be pulled up into a string (viscous string) using an Inoculating loop

56
Q

Susceptibility test for Vibrio

A

Vibriostatic test - 0/129 (2,4-dlamino-6,7-dilsopropylpteridine)

57
Q

It is used to separate vibrios (susceptible) from other oxidase-positive, glucose fermenters like aeromonads (resistant). It will also differentiate V. cholerae 01 an non-01 (suscenptible) form other Vibrio spp. (resistant)

A

Vibriostatic test

58
Q

LIA: K/K
(+) Citrate; yellow colonies on TCBS = V. cholerae
(+) Indole: V. cholerae, V. mimicus and V. vulnificus nev
(+) cellobiose: V. vulnificus
API 20E

59
Q

Best test method for Vibrio spp.

60
Q

Found in fresh water, estuarine, chlorinated water, and can be isolated from meat products

61
Q

Causative agent of “red leg” disease in frogs

62
Q

Culture of Aeromonas

A

“Bulls eye colonies” apron-like pattern (CIN with 4 ug cefsulodin)
LF (MAC — A. caviae)

63
Q

Temperature in which Aeromonas can grow

A

4º-42º C

64
Q

Extraintestinal infections caused by Aeromonas

A

Septicemia
Meningitis
Keratitis
Wound infections

65
Q

Most common Aeromonas isolate

A

Aeromonas caviae

66
Q

Common Aeromonas isolates in GI infections

A

Aeromonas caviae

67
Q

Common Aeromonas isolates is HUS

A

Aeromonas hydrophila
Aeromonas veronii

68
Q

It is the most recognized antecedent cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

Campylobacter

69
Q


It is also an animal pathogen (cattle and swine) causing sterility and abortion

A

Campylobacter

70
Q

Microscopic appearance of old cultures of Campylobacter

A

Faintly staining Gram-negative, small, curved or S-shaped rod may appear as coccobacilli

71
Q

Microscopic appearance of enteric Campylobacter

A

Long spirals or seagull-wing shaped

72
Q

Culture morphology of Campylobacter

A

Gray, flat, glistening, irregular, with a “tailing effect along the streak line” or “runny spreading” colonial growth

73
Q

Mode of acquisition of Campylobacter

A

Ingestion of contaminated water, poultry and dairy products
Handling pets
Sexually transmitted

74
Q

Enteric campylobacters

A

C. Jejuni
C. coli
C. lari

75
Q

it is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide acquired through eating contaminated chicken and turkey (does not multiply in food)

A

Campylobacter jejuni

76
Q

It invades the epithellum of the small intestine, causing inflammation and secretes a toxin that is antigenically similar to the cholera toxin. It also causes septic arthritis (AIDS)

A

Campylobacter jejuni

77
Q

It is slow growing, fastidlous and asaccharolytic; darting motility; unable to grow in 3.5% NaCl

A

Campylobacter jejuni

78
Q


Optimum temperature for Campylobacter jejuni growth

79
Q


Microscopic appearance of Campylobacter jejuni

A

Curved or seagull-winged shaped

80
Q


Infective dose Campylobacter jejuni

A

≥10,000 organisms

81
Q

Campylobacter isolated most frequently from blood cultures (37°C incubation) and is rarely associated with gastrointestinal illness.

A

Campylobacter fetus

82
Q

Specimens for the diagnosis of Campylobacter include feces, rectal swab, blood. What is the preferred specimen for Campylobacter spp. that cause enteric illness?

A

Stool samples
Rectal swab Is a less-preferred specimen

83
Q

Recommended counterstain for Campylobacter

A

Carbolfuchsin

84
Q

If safranin is the secondary stain for Campylobacters, it should be applied for _________

A

2-3 minutes

85
Q

Motility test for Campylobacter

A

Hanging Drop preparation: (+) darting motility

86
Q

To observe the typical motility, organisms should be suspended in _______

A

Brucella or TSB

87
Q

In blood culture, __ weeks incubatlon may be needed for detection of Campylobacter

88
Q

Campylobacter Is detected effectively by

A

CO2 monitoring

89
Q

___ is used for direct detection of C. jejuni and C. coli in fecal specimens

90
Q

Are susceptible to the nonspecific bactericidal activity of normal human
serum

91
Q

It is found in the GIT of mammals and birds

A

Helicobacter

92
Q

Gram-negative spiral-shaped organisms (S-shaped) rods resembling campylobacter
Motile (monopolar or multi-bipolar flagella)
Microaerophillc
Most specles have strong urease activity
Oxidase and catalase (+)
Strong urease activity

A

Helicobacter

93
Q

It is the major cause of type B gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma

A

Helicobacter pylori

94
Q


Its motility allows this organism to escape acidity of the stomach

A

Helicobacter pylori

95
Q

Plays a significant role in the survival of Helicopbacter pylori and growth by creating an alkaline microenvironment - generates ammonium from urea, thus neutralizing gastric acid

A

Urease enzyme

96
Q

Bacteria that binds to Lewis antigen and to the monosaccharide sialic acid

A

Helicobacter pylori

97
Q

Specimens for Helicobacter

A

Tissue biopsy material (Stuart’s medium)
Urine (ammonia testing)
Feces
Dental plaque

98
Q

Tissue specimens should be maintained at ___ and processed within ___ of collection

A

4ºC, 2 hours

99
Q

Transport medla for Helicobacter

A

Stuart’s media, cystelne-brucella broth w/ 20% glycerol (tissue samples) and Isotonic saline with 4% glucose

100
Q

What organism has excellent sensitivity and specificity with Urea breath test

A

Helicobacter

101
Q

Metronidazole susceptibility test of Helicobacter pylori

A

Susceptible

GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI AND GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI (5 decks)

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