Non-dental developmental disorders Flashcards
developemental disorders definition
failure or disturbance that occurs during processes of human development
inherited disorders caused by genetic abnormality
congenital disorders are those present at birth
head and neck are common sites
Ankyloglossia
tongue tied
extensive adhesion of tongue to floor of mouth
complete or partial fusion of lingual frenum to floor of mouth
may result in speech problems
may require frenectomy
commisural lip pits
epithelium lined blind tracts located at corner of mouth
tracts may be shallow or severe (3-5mm)
relatively common
congenital lip pits
occur nears midline of vermillion border
unilateral or bilateral
lingual thyroid
small mass of thyroid issue located on tongue
uncommon
failure of primitive thyroid tissue to migrate to normal location
smooth nodular mass
feeling of fullness in throat or difficulty swallowing
may require surgical removal
developmental cysts
abnormal pathologic sac or cavity lined by epithelium and enclosed in connective tissue capsule
odontogenic or nonodontogenic
most common is radicular cyst caused by pulpal inflammation (residual cyst if remains after extraction of infected tooth)
large cyst can expand bone and resorb tooth structure
intraosseus=within bone (radiolucencies)
ondontogenic cysts
true cysts
all lined with epithelium and collagenous cyst wall
can be inflammatory or developmental
fine needle biopsy/aspiration or open biopsy (incisional or excisional)
dentigerous cyst (follicular cyst)
forms around crown of unerupted or developing tooth (primarily third molars)
well defined unilocular radiolucency
requires complete removal of cyst and tooth (otherwise becomes neoplastic)
eruption cyst
found in soft tissue around crown of erupting tooth
tooth erupts through cyst and does not require tx
may have to remove dome of cyst to expose crown and allow eruption
primordial cyst
developers in place of a tooth (most posterior space is common)
originates from remnants and degeneration of enamel organ
radiographically well defined uni- or multilocular radiolucency
requires surgical removal of entire cysts
odontogenic keratocyst
characterized by unique histologic appearance and frequent reappearance
found in mandibular third molar region
well defined multilocular radiolucency
can become expansive, move teeth, resorb tooth structure
requires aggressive surgical excision and osseous curettage due to high recurrence rate
calcifying odontogenic cyst (gorlin’s cyst)
nonaggressive cyst lined by odontogenic epithelium
treatment is conservative
lateral periodontal cyst
most common in mandibular cuspid and premolar area
asymptomatic uni or multilocular radiolucency located on lateral aspect of tooth root
requires surgical excision, can recur
gingival cyst
soft tissue of cuspid and premolar area
small bulb of the attached gingiva or interdental papilla
requires surgical excision, can recur
nasopalatine cyst
nasopalatine canal or incisive papilla
arises from epithelial remnants of nasopalatine ducts
small pink palatal bulge between roots of maxillary central incision, well defined heart shaped radiolucency
median palatine cyst
well defined unilocular radiolucency located at midline of hard palate
more posterior variant of nasopalatine cyst
requires surgical removal
globulomaxillary cyst
well defined inverted pear shaped radiolucency located between the roots of maxillary lateral incisor and canine
if large can result in root divergence
surgical excision recommended
median mandibular cyst
rare lesion
midline of mandible
well defined radiolucency located below the species of the mand incisors
requires surgical removal
nasolabial cyst
adults 40-50 yrs of age, women
swelling of mucolabial fold in area of max canine and floor of nose
lymphoepithelial cyst
most common of major salivary glands
arise from epithelium trapped in lymph node during development
commonly located on floor of mouth or lateral tongue
pinkish-yellow raised nodule
epidermal cyst
presents as a raised nodule in skin of face or neck
originates from epithelium of hair follicle or sebaceous gland
dermoid cyst
present at birth or in children skin structures become trapped during fetal development anterior floor of mouth displacement of tongue dough-like consistency
thyroglossal duct cyst
tract of thyroid gland development below hyoid bone smooth bulge midline of neck located on posterior of tongue will be smooth mass with dysphagia and is prone to infection found in adolescents
static bone cyst
not true cyst
well defined radiolucency posterior region inferior to mandibular canal
lingual depression in mandible
no treatment required
simple bone cyst
cavity in bone not lined with epithelium
associated with trauma
younger individuals
well defined uni or multilocular radiolucency scalloping around roots of teeth
aneurysmal bone cyst
blood filled spaces surrounded by multinucleated giant cells and fibrous connective tissue
honey comb appearance
prior to age 30
may expand bone
requires surgical excision, risk of profuse hemorrhage
