Non-dental developmental disorders

Question 1

developemental disorders definition

Answer 1

failure or disturbance that occurs during processes of human development
inherited disorders caused by genetic abnormality
congenital disorders are those present at birth
head and neck are common sites

Question 2

Ankyloglossia

Answer 2

tongue tied
extensive adhesion of tongue to floor of mouth
complete or partial fusion of lingual frenum to floor of mouth
may result in speech problems
may require frenectomy

Question 3

commisural lip pits

Answer 3

epithelium lined blind tracts located at corner of mouth
tracts may be shallow or severe (3-5mm)
relatively common

Question 4

congenital lip pits

Answer 4

occur nears midline of vermillion border

unilateral or bilateral

Question 5

lingual thyroid

Answer 5

small mass of thyroid issue located on tongue
uncommon
failure of primitive thyroid tissue to migrate to normal location
smooth nodular mass
feeling of fullness in throat or difficulty swallowing
may require surgical removal

Question 6

developmental cysts

Answer 6

abnormal pathologic sac or cavity lined by epithelium and enclosed in connective tissue capsule
odontogenic or nonodontogenic
most common is radicular cyst caused by pulpal inflammation (residual cyst if remains after extraction of infected tooth)
large cyst can expand bone and resorb tooth structure
intraosseus=within bone (radiolucencies)

Question 7

ondontogenic cysts

true cysts

Answer 7

all lined with epithelium and collagenous cyst wall
can be inflammatory or developmental
fine needle biopsy/aspiration or open biopsy (incisional or excisional)

Question 8

dentigerous cyst (follicular cyst)

Answer 8

forms around crown of unerupted or developing tooth (primarily third molars)
well defined unilocular radiolucency
requires complete removal of cyst and tooth (otherwise becomes neoplastic)

Question 9

eruption cyst

Answer 9

found in soft tissue around crown of erupting tooth
tooth erupts through cyst and does not require tx
may have to remove dome of cyst to expose crown and allow eruption

Question 10

primordial cyst

Answer 10

developers in place of a tooth (most posterior space is common)
originates from remnants and degeneration of enamel organ
radiographically well defined uni- or multilocular radiolucency
requires surgical removal of entire cysts

Question 11

odontogenic keratocyst

Answer 11

characterized by unique histologic appearance and frequent reappearance
found in mandibular third molar region
well defined multilocular radiolucency
can become expansive, move teeth, resorb tooth structure
requires aggressive surgical excision and osseous curettage due to high recurrence rate

Question 12

calcifying odontogenic cyst (gorlin’s cyst)

Answer 12

nonaggressive cyst lined by odontogenic epithelium

treatment is conservative

Question 13

lateral periodontal cyst

Answer 13

most common in mandibular cuspid and premolar area
asymptomatic uni or multilocular radiolucency located on lateral aspect of tooth root
requires surgical excision, can recur

Question 14

gingival cyst

Answer 14

soft tissue of cuspid and premolar area
small bulb of the attached gingiva or interdental papilla
requires surgical excision, can recur

Question 15

nasopalatine cyst

Answer 15

nasopalatine canal or incisive papilla
arises from epithelial remnants of nasopalatine ducts
small pink palatal bulge between roots of maxillary central incision, well defined heart shaped radiolucency

Question 16

median palatine cyst

Answer 16

well defined unilocular radiolucency located at midline of hard palate
more posterior variant of nasopalatine cyst
requires surgical removal

Question 17

globulomaxillary cyst

Answer 17

well defined inverted pear shaped radiolucency located between the roots of maxillary lateral incisor and canine
if large can result in root divergence
surgical excision recommended

Question 18

median mandibular cyst

Answer 18

rare lesion
midline of mandible
well defined radiolucency located below the species of the mand incisors
requires surgical removal

Question 19

nasolabial cyst

Answer 19

adults 40-50 yrs of age, women

swelling of mucolabial fold in area of max canine and floor of nose

Question 20

lymphoepithelial cyst

Answer 20

most common of major salivary glands
arise from epithelium trapped in lymph node during development
commonly located on floor of mouth or lateral tongue
pinkish-yellow raised nodule

Question 21

epidermal cyst

Answer 21

presents as a raised nodule in skin of face or neck

originates from epithelium of hair follicle or sebaceous gland

Question 22

dermoid cyst

Answer 22

present at birth or in children
skin structures become trapped during fetal development
anterior floor of mouth
displacement of tongue
dough-like consistency

Question 23

thyroglossal duct cyst

Answer 23

tract of thyroid gland development
below hyoid bone
smooth bulge midline of neck
located on posterior of tongue will be smooth mass with dysphagia and is prone to infection
found in adolescents

Question 24

static bone cyst

Answer 24

not true cyst
well defined radiolucency posterior region inferior to mandibular canal
lingual depression in mandible
no treatment required

Question 25

simple bone cyst

Answer 25

cavity in bone not lined with epithelium
associated with trauma
younger individuals
well defined uni or multilocular radiolucency scalloping around roots of teeth

Question 26

aneurysmal bone cyst

Answer 26

blood filled spaces surrounded by multinucleated giant cells and fibrous connective tissue
honey comb appearance
prior to age 30
may expand bone
requires surgical excision, risk of profuse hemorrhage