Non-Deductive Reasoning

Question 1

Hasty Induction Fallacy

Answer 1

failure to observe sufficient number of instances

Question 2

Forgetful Induction Fallacy

Answer 2

failure to observe sufficient variety

Question 3

Neglect of negative instances

Answer 3

support for a favored inductive generalization while turning a blind eye to those that undermine it

Question 4

Non-inductive reasoning by analogy

Answer 4

• comparison of 2 x similar ideas where one infers a third similarity
• not empirical
• not a hypothesis subject to confirmation/denial by evidence drawn from sense experience

Question 5

Inductive generalization

Answer 5

takes a sample of a population and makes a conclusion regarding the entire population.

Question 6

Inductive argument

Answer 6

• A form of argument where the premises support the probability or likelihood of the conclusion.
• Regardless of the number of premises, the strength of the conclusion in an inductive argument depends on the strength of the individual premises that support it.

Question 7

Inductive conclusion

Answer 7

• always empirical
• evidence of the senses (observation & experiment)
• open to confirmation/denial by future experience