Non-Communicable diseases Flashcards
Overall life expectancy has increased in the last 500 years. What could be causing a dip in the life expectancy?
Infection outbreaks are major contributing causes. before the discovery of antibiotics, epidemics (especially the bubonic plague, TB and cholera) have reduce population sizes and life expectancy in the UK and across Europe since the middle ages.
In the 1700s, the industrial revolution began in England. The difficult work conditions and unhygienic living environment contributed to increased disease and poor health among the working class populations.
Other factors that can cause sudden drops in life expectancy include:
War and civil unrest
Food shortages and famine
What has caused an increase in the average life expectancy?
Improvements in hygiene, nutrition, housing and sanitation played major roles in overall population health.
The discovery of antibiotics helped control the impact of infectious (communicable) diseases which greatly reduce mortality rates.
Public health measures such as childhood immunizations, the introduction of universal health care, medical advances (for example treatment of heart disease, diabetes and cancer) and lifestyle health promotion (smoking cessation campaigns etc.…) have reduced mortality rates in the UK.
By reducing mortality rates, life expectancy began to rise, both in the UK and worldwide.
What do you think the increase in the average life expectancy has slowed down?
Several studies found that the slowdown in mortality improvements after 2011 is a consequence of the constraints placed on public health and social care spending. Other key factors include the increased waiting times for appointments with GPs / specialists, rising numbers of delayed discharges from hospital and cuts in welfare benefits.
What are some modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases? - 4
Unhealthy diets
Physical inactivity
Tobacco use (and second hand smoking)
Alcohol misuse
What are some metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases? - 4
Hypertension
Overweight / obesity
Hyperlipidaemia
Hyperglycaemia
What are the major chronic noncommunicable diseases? - 4
What other diseases can be put into this noncommunicable diseases category? - 2
Cardiovascular diseases
Diabetes
Cancers
Chronic respiratory diseases
Dementia
Mental illness
What three type of cancer is of the most common causes of premature morbidity?
Lung cancer Colorectal cancer Breast cancerLung cancer
Colorectal cancer
Breast cancer
How can noncommunicable diseases be prevented and managed?
How do we reduce risk factors on an individual level?
Tackling risk factors
Identifying the diseases early
Treating complications
Blood pressure
monitoring lipid profiles
weight reduction services
smoking cessation
