Non-communicable Diseases

Question 1

Risk factors for disease

Answer 1

Aspects of lifestyle = smoking, lack of exercise, overeating

Substances present in environment or your body = ionising radiation, UV light from sun, second-hand tobacco smoke

Question 2

Impact of non-communicable disease

Answer 2

Expensive

If they r ill or have to look after someone ill = miss work

Question 3

Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide

Answer 3

Nicotine = addictive, but relatively harmless

Carbon Monoxide = poisonous gas found in tobacco
After smoking a cigarette 10% of blood will be carrying carbon monoxide rather than oxygen
Can lead to shortage of oxygen = breathless when exercise

Question 4

Smoking During Pregnancy

Answer 4

Fetus has growth stunt
Premature births
Low birthweight babies
Stillbirths

Question 5

Carcinogens

Answer 5

Turns lungs from pink to grey
Tar makes smokers much more likely to develop bronchitis
Can lead to breakdown in structure of alveoli
Causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Reduces surface area to volume ratio of lungs = breathlessness and death

Question 6

Smoking and the heart

Answer 6

Affects the heart and blood vessels
Nicotine makes heart rate increase
Damage lining of arteries
Increases risk coronary heart disease
Increase in blood pressure
Risk of suffering cardiovascular disease (heart attacks and strokes)

Question 7

What happens if you eat too much?

Answer 7

Eat too much = food stored as fat → obesity
Inconvenient and uncomfortable
Lead to diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease

Question 8

Exercise and Health

Answer 8

People who exercise regularly have fitter hearts and bigger lungs
Less likely to develop cardiovascular disease
Have more muscle tissue, increasing your metabolic rate, less likely to be overweight
Reduces risk of arthritis, diabetes, high blood pressure
Heart will develop better blood supply
Lowers blood cholesterol
Reduces fatty deposits

Question 9

Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 9

Body doesn’t make enough insulin or none at all
Can’t control blood glucose levels
Cells stop responding to insulin
Lead to problems with circulation, kidney function, eyesight, death

Question 10

Alcohol and Health

Answer 10

Ethanol = poisons liver, liver can usually remove it an self repair before permanent damage and results (coma, death, unconsciousness)
Ethanol is absorbed into blood for the gut and passed in body tissues
Affects nervous system → thought processes, reflexes
Small amounts = feel cheerful and relaxed
Large amounts = lack of self-control, lack of judgement

Question 11

Brain and Liver Damage

Answer 11

Destroys liver tissue
Liver cancer
Brain becomes soft
Brain structures are lost and can no longer function properly

Question 12

Alcohol and Pregnancy

Answer 12

Passes across centre into developing baby when alcohol is drunk by mother
Miscarriage, stillbirths, premature births and low birthweight, deformities

Question 13

Ionising Radiation

Answer 13

Ultraviolet from sun = skin cancer
Radioactive materials found in soil, water and air
Medical and dental X-rays
Accidents in nuclear generation