Non-communicable disease

Question 1

What bacteria cases TB

Answer 1

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 2

How does TB spread?

Answer 2

In air by droplets

Released when coughing or sneezing

Takes a period until it infects

Question 3

Course of infection of TB?

Answer 3

Bacteria grows in upper region of lungs

Phagocyte ingest them

They would be encased in tubercles(nodule)

In healthy people immune system prevents TB in tubercles to develop
So inactive and not replicating

So when immunosuppresion, they activate and replicate

If replicating, it causes damages to alveoli and capillaries

Resulting in fibrosis and reducing of gas exchange

TB can also spread to body causing damage

Question 4

Symptoms of TB?

Answer 4

Persistent cough

Breathing difficultie

Chest pain

Fatigue and loss in appetite leading to weight loss

Fever and night sweats

Question 5

Prevention of TB?

Answer 5

They are resistant to antibiotics

Vaccination - BCG vaccine is made from weakened TB bacteria and around 75% effective to severe TB common in kids, but useless at one common in adults

Better education about TB - complete all dosage of medication

Isolate TB patients

Improve health facilities in developing countries

Better nutrition

Question 6

Treatment of TB?

Answer 6

Antibiotic - usually rifampicin and isoniazid, long period treatment required

DOTS - patients monitored to complete dosage in hospital to prevent antibiotic resistance

Surgical treatment - if medication is ineffective, 1 to 2 ribs removed and a diseased lung or parts it’s removed