Non-Communicabe Disease Flashcards
Also known as chronic diseases
Diseases that are not transmissible directly or indirectly from
one person to another
Non communicable disease
This is CHARACTERISTICS of?
• Complex etiology (causes)
• Multiple risk factors
• Long latency period
• Non-contagious origin (non-communicable)
• Prolonged course of illness
• Functional impairment or disability
• Incurability
• Insidious onset
Non communicable disease
- a characteristic, condition, or behaviour that
increases the likelihood of getting a disease or
injury - The risk factors can be either modifiable or
nonmodifiable.
Risk factors of non communicable disease
A risk factor that cannot be reduced or controlled
by intervention
- Age
- Gender
- Race, and
- Family history (genetics
A behavioral risk factor that can be reduced or controlled by
intervention, thereby reducing the probability of disease
- Physical Inactivity
- Tobacco use
- Alcohol use
- Unhealthy diets (increased fats and sodium, with low
fruit and vegetable intake
refers to the biochemical processes involved in
the body’s normal functioning
Metabolic
four metabolic risk
factors:
- Raised blood pressure
- Raised total cholesterol
- Elevated glucose
- Overweight and Obesity
disease of the blood vessels
supplying the heart muscle
Coronary Heart Disease
disease of the blood vessels
supplying the brain
Cerebrovascular Disease
disease of blood vessels supplying
the arms and legs
Peripheral Arterial Disease
damage to the heart muscle and
heart valves from rheumatic fever, caused by streptococcal
bacteria
Rheumatic Heart Disease
malformations of heart structure
existing at birth
Congenital Heart Disease
blood clots
in the leg veins, which can dislodge and move to the heart and
lungs
Deep Vein Thrombosis And Pulmonary Embolism
Major Modifiable Risk Factors
1.
High BP
2.
Abnormal blood lipids
3.
Tobacco use
4.
Physical inactivity
5.
Obesity
6.
Unhealthy diet (salt)
7.
Diabetes
Other Modifiable Risk Factors
1.
Low socio-economic status
2.
Mental ill-health (depression)
3.
Psychosocial stress
4.
Heavy alcohol use
5.
Use of certain medication
6.
Lipoprotein
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
1.
Age
2.
Hereditary or family history
3.
Gender
4.
Ethnicity or Race
Novel” Risk Factors
1.
Excess homocysteine in blood
2.
Inflammatory markers (C-reactive
protein)
3.
Abnormal blood coagulation (elevated
blood levels of fibrinogen
A chronic disease that occurs either when
the pancreas does not produce enough
insulin or when the body cannot
effectively use the insulin it produces
leading to hyperglycemia
DIABETES MELLITUS
• Previously known as insulin-dependent, juvenile or
childhood-onset
• Characterized by deficient insulin production and
requires daily administration of insulin
• Unknown cause and not preventable with current
knowledge
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
• Formerly called non-insulin-dependent, or adult-onset
• Due to the body’s ineffective use of insulin
• Result of excess body weight and physical inactivity
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Occurs in pregnancy
• Long-term risk of type 2 diabetes
• Hyperglycemia with blood glucose values above
normal but below those diagnostic of diabetes
• Diagnosed through prenatal screening, rather than
through reported symptoms
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
DIABETES MELLITUS
Signs and Symptoms:
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
- Weight loss (type 1)
- Weight gain (type 2)
- Vision changes
- Fatigue
DIABETES MELLITUS
Risk Factors:
- Genetics
- Age
- Family history
- Unhealthy diet
- Physical inactivity
- Obesity
• Large group of diseases due to the
rapid creation of abnormal cells
• Invade adjoining parts of the body
and spread to other organs
• Arises from the transformation of
normal cells into tumor cells in a
multistage process that generally
progresses from a precancerous
lesion to a malignant tumor
Cancer
• Diseases of the airways and other structures
of the lung
• Not curable, however, various forms of
treatment that help dilate major air
passages and improve shortness of breath
can help control symptoms and increase the
quality of life for people with the disease
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES
ASTHMA
OCCUPATIONAL
LUNG DISEASES
CHRONIC
OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY
DISEASE
PULMONARY
HYPERTENSION
• The most common non communicable disease
among children
• A common lung condition that causes sporadic
breathing difficulties
• A chronic disease where in the lining of the
bronchial tubes swell, causing the airways to
narrow and reducing the flow of air into and out
of the lungs
Asthma
• A lung disease that is characterized by a
persistent reduction of airflow
• Caused by a mixture of small airway disease
(obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal
destruction (emphysema
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASE
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASE
RISK FACTORS
- Cigarette smoking
- Indoor air pollution (such as solid
fuel used for cooking and heating) - Outdoor air pollution
- Occupational dusts and chemicals
(such as vapors, irritants, and fumes) - Frequent lower respiratory infections
during childhood
• Combination of abnormal
thoughts, perceptions, emotions,
behavior, and relationships with
others
• Comprise a broad range of
problems, with different symptoms
MENTAL DISORDERS
MENTAL DISORDERS
Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Schizophrenia
Dementia
Developmental
Disorders
• Characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure,
feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or
appetite, tiredness, and poor concentration
DEPRESSION
Mannic Episode
Depressive Episode
• Presents with unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels,
concentration, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks
• Affects about 45 million people worldwide
BIPOLAR DISORDER
• A severe mental disorder, affecting 20
million people worldwide
• Characterized by distortions in
thinking, perception, emotions,
language, sense of self and behavior
• Typically begins in late adolescence or
early adulthood
SCHIZOPHRENIA
• Approximately 50 million people have dementia worldwide
• Chronic or progressive; deterioration in cognitive function beyond
what might be expected from normal ageing
DEMENTIA
• An umbrella term covering intellectual disability and pervasive
developmental disorders including autism
• Childhood onset but tend to persist into adulthood, causing
impairment or delay in functions related to the central nervous
system maturation
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS
