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CPH LECTURE > Non-Communicabe Disease > Flashcards

Non-Communicabe Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Also known as chronic diseases
Diseases that are not transmissible directly or indirectly from
one person to another

A

Non communicable disease

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2
Q

This is CHARACTERISTICS of?
• Complex etiology (causes)
• Multiple risk factors
• Long latency period
• Non-contagious origin (non-communicable)
• Prolonged course of illness
• Functional impairment or disability
• Incurability
• Insidious onset

A

Non communicable disease

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3
Q
  • a characteristic, condition, or behaviour that
    increases the likelihood of getting a disease or
    injury
  • The risk factors can be either modifiable or
    nonmodifiable.
A

Risk factors of non communicable disease

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4
Q

A risk factor that cannot be reduced or controlled
by intervention

A
  1. Age
  2. Gender
  3. Race, and
  4. Family history (genetics
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5
Q

A behavioral risk factor that can be reduced or controlled by
intervention, thereby reducing the probability of disease

A
  1. Physical Inactivity
  2. Tobacco use
  3. Alcohol use
  4. Unhealthy diets (increased fats and sodium, with low
    fruit and vegetable intake
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6
Q

refers to the biochemical processes involved in
the body’s normal functioning

A

Metabolic

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7
Q

four metabolic risk
factors:

A
  1. Raised blood pressure
  2. Raised total cholesterol
  3. Elevated glucose
  4. Overweight and Obesity
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8
Q

disease of the blood vessels
supplying the heart muscle

A

Coronary Heart Disease

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9
Q

disease of the blood vessels
supplying the brain

A

Cerebrovascular Disease

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10
Q

disease of blood vessels supplying
the arms and legs

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

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11
Q

damage to the heart muscle and
heart valves from rheumatic fever, caused by streptococcal
bacteria

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease

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12
Q

malformations of heart structure
existing at birth

A

Congenital Heart Disease

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13
Q

blood clots
in the leg veins, which can dislodge and move to the heart and
lungs

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis And Pulmonary Embolism

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14
Q

Major Modifiable Risk Factors

A

1.
High BP
2.
Abnormal blood lipids
3.
Tobacco use
4.
Physical inactivity
5.
Obesity
6.
Unhealthy diet (salt)
7.
Diabetes

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15
Q

Other Modifiable Risk Factors

A

1.
Low socio-economic status
2.
Mental ill-health (depression)
3.
Psychosocial stress
4.
Heavy alcohol use
5.
Use of certain medication
6.
Lipoprotein

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16
Q

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

A

1.
Age
2.
Hereditary or family history
3.
Gender
4.
Ethnicity or Race

17
Q

Novel” Risk Factors

A

1.
Excess homocysteine in blood
2.
Inflammatory markers (C-reactive
protein)
3.
Abnormal blood coagulation (elevated
blood levels of fibrinogen

18
Q

A chronic disease that occurs either when
the pancreas does not produce enough
insulin or when the body cannot
effectively use the insulin it produces
leading to hyperglycemia

A

DIABETES MELLITUS

19
Q

• Previously known as insulin-dependent, juvenile or
childhood-onset
• Characterized by deficient insulin production and
requires daily administration of insulin
• Unknown cause and not preventable with current
knowledge

A

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

20
Q

• Formerly called non-insulin-dependent, or adult-onset
• Due to the body’s ineffective use of insulin
• Result of excess body weight and physical inactivity

A

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

21
Q

• Occurs in pregnancy
• Long-term risk of type 2 diabetes
• Hyperglycemia with blood glucose values above
normal but below those diagnostic of diabetes
• Diagnosed through prenatal screening, rather than
through reported symptoms

A

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

22
Q

DIABETES MELLITUS
Signs and Symptoms:

A
  1. Polyuria
  2. Polydipsia
  3. Polyphagia
  4. Weight loss (type 1)
  5. Weight gain (type 2)
  6. Vision changes
  7. Fatigue
23
Q

DIABETES MELLITUS
Risk Factors:

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Age
  3. Family history
  4. Unhealthy diet
  5. Physical inactivity
  6. Obesity
24
Q

• Large group of diseases due to the
rapid creation of abnormal cells
• Invade adjoining parts of the body
and spread to other organs
• Arises from the transformation of
normal cells into tumor cells in a
multistage process that generally
progresses from a precancerous
lesion to a malignant tumor

A

Cancer

25
Q

• Diseases of the airways and other structures
of the lung
• Not curable, however, various forms of
treatment that help dilate major air
passages and improve shortness of breath
can help control symptoms and increase the
quality of life for people with the disease

A

CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES

26
Q

CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES

A

ASTHMA
OCCUPATIONAL
LUNG DISEASES
CHRONIC
OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY
DISEASE
PULMONARY
HYPERTENSION

27
Q

• The most common non communicable disease
among children
• A common lung condition that causes sporadic
breathing difficulties
• A chronic disease where in the lining of the
bronchial tubes swell, causing the airways to
narrow and reducing the flow of air into and out
of the lungs

A

Asthma

28
Q

• A lung disease that is characterized by a
persistent reduction of airflow
• Caused by a mixture of small airway disease
(obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal
destruction (emphysema

A

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASE

29
Q

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASE
RISK FACTORS

A
  1. Cigarette smoking
  2. Indoor air pollution (such as solid
    fuel used for cooking and heating)
  3. Outdoor air pollution
  4. Occupational dusts and chemicals
    (such as vapors, irritants, and fumes)
  5. Frequent lower respiratory infections
    during childhood
30
Q

• Combination of abnormal
thoughts, perceptions, emotions,
behavior, and relationships with
others
• Comprise a broad range of
problems, with different symptoms

A

MENTAL DISORDERS

31
Q

MENTAL DISORDERS

A

Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Schizophrenia
Dementia
Developmental
Disorders

32
Q

• Characterized by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure,
feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or
appetite, tiredness, and poor concentration

A

DEPRESSION

33
Q

Mannic Episode
Depressive Episode
• Presents with unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels,
concentration, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks
• Affects about 45 million people worldwide

A

BIPOLAR DISORDER

34
Q

• A severe mental disorder, affecting 20
million people worldwide
• Characterized by distortions in
thinking, perception, emotions,
language, sense of self and behavior
• Typically begins in late adolescence or
early adulthood

A

SCHIZOPHRENIA

35
Q

• Approximately 50 million people have dementia worldwide
• Chronic or progressive; deterioration in cognitive function beyond
what might be expected from normal ageing

A

DEMENTIA

36
Q

• An umbrella term covering intellectual disability and pervasive
developmental disorders including autism
• Childhood onset but tend to persist into adulthood, causing
impairment or delay in functions related to the central nervous
system maturation

A

DEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS

CPH LECTURE (2 decks)

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