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SL12003 Genetics > Non coding genome II > Flashcards

Non coding genome II Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of insulator elements?

A

They block the action of a distal enhancer on a promoter

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2
Q

Why are insulator elements needed?

A

As regulatory sequences can regulate genes upstream or downstream, they are needed to prevent unnecessary regulation of adjacent genes

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3
Q

What are insulator elements situated betweeen?

A

An enhancer and a promoter

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4
Q

What do barrier elements do?

A

They prevent the spread of condensed chromatin sequences into actively transcribed chromatin

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5
Q

What are barrier elements a special type of?

A

Insulator sequences

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6
Q

What is Msx1 an example of?

A

A gene that has two different enhancers, causing it to be expressed at different rates in two different parts of the body

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7
Q

Where is Msx1 expressed?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells of the developing lim bud (eye) and the branchial arches of the face (jaw)

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8
Q

What kind RNAs are there for protein synthesis and export?

A

rRNA, tRNA

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9
Q

What kinds of RNA are there for RNA maturation?

A

snRNA, snoRNA and scaRNA

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10
Q

What is snRNA used for?

A

Splicing

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11
Q

What is snoRNA used for?

A

base modification

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12
Q

What RNAs are used for gene regulation?

A

long ncRNAs, miRNA, circular RNAs and pseudogene RNAs

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13
Q

What are some examples of long ncRNAs?

A

antisense RNAs and other long ncRNAs

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14
Q

What kinds of RNAs are involved in transposon control?

A

piRNA and endo-siRNA

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15
Q

How long are lncRNAs?

A

> 200 nucleotides

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16
Q

What can lncRNAs generate?

A

peptides that can act as signalling molecules

17
Q

What components do lncRNAs have?

A

polyA tail and 5’ 7-methylguanosine cap

18
Q

Differences that lncRNAs have to mRNAs?

A

Fewer exons, more tissue restricted

19
Q

What are many lncRNAs co expressed with?

A

Nearby protein coding genes

20
Q

What does many lncRNAs being expressed with nearby protein coding genes suggest about their role?

A

They may play a role in loca transcriptional regulation

21
Q

What can most transcriptional enhancers generate?

A

A lncRNA

22
Q
A

SL12003 Genetics (12 decks)

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