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SL12003 Genetics > Non-coding genome > Flashcards

Non-coding genome Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some examples of noncoding DNA sequences?

A

Promotors, enhancers, silencers, insulators

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2
Q

Where is a gene’s promoter found?

A

Upstream of the gene

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3
Q

What is the role of a promoter

A

Site for binding of molecules, which will then initiate transcription of the gene

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4
Q

What is the role of an enhancer?

A

Enhance the transcription rate of a gene

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5
Q

What is the end product of non-coding RNA genes?

A

A functional RNA product

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6
Q

Why is transcriptional control necessary?

A

Every cell contains every gene, however some cells needs certain genes transcribed more than others, or some genes not transcribed at all

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7
Q

How many types of RNA polymerase are there?

A

3: I, II, III

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8
Q

What genes does RNA polymerase II transcribe?

A

All protein coding genes, lncRNA genes,

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9
Q

How many subunits does RNA pol II have?

A

12

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10
Q

What is recruited to a gene alongside RNA pol II?

A

General transcription factors and regulatory proteins

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11
Q

What is transcriptional initiation?

A

The recruitment of RNA pol II and general transcription factors to a gene

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12
Q

How does RNA pol II move along the DNA?

A

Stepwise

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13
Q

How is the RNA pol II able to unwind the double helix?

A

One of the general transcription factors has helicase activity

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14
Q

Which DNA strand is used as a template for RNA production?

A

Antisense

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15
Q

What is elongation in RNA synthesis?

A

Adding complementary nucleotides to form the RNA strand

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16
Q

What is termination in RNA synthesis?

A

RNA pol ii stops at the end of a gene and is released from the DNA strand

17
Q

What is the RNA DNA hybrid region?

A

The area where the antisense strand of DNA and the RNA strand it is being used as a template for are

18
Q

What is a cis-regulatory DNA sequence?

A

A DNA regulatory sequence that is located in the same chromosome as the promoter that they are regulating

19
Q

What is a trans-regulatory DNA sequence?

A

A DNA regulatory sequence that is located in a different chromosome as the promoter they are regulating

20
Q

What is a transcription start site?

A

A genomic DNA sequence that defines the position where transcription of a gene by RNA pol II begins

21
Q

Where is the transcription start site typically located in relation to the target gene?

A

Upstream

22
Q

How do general transcription factors help RNA pol II?

A

They position it at the correct location on the genome to initiate transcription

23
Q

What do transcription start sites contain?

A

A number of DNA sequence motifs

24
Q

What (other than GTFs) are required for high levels of accurate transcription from gene promoters?

A

Additional cis-regulatory sequences such as enhancers or sileners

25
Q

What is the control region of a gene?

A

The sequence of DNA that contains all the DNA sequences necessary for its correct expression

26
Q

Position of control region relative to the gene it controls?

A

Can be either upstream or downstream of the gene

27
Q

How can one base sequence that is far upstream/downstream of another regulate/affect the gene?

A

They may be far apart on the linear DNA sequence, however the linear sequence bends so they may be physically very close to each other.

28
Q

What is mediator?

A

A large multi-subunit complex that is needed for the transcription of most genes in the human genome

29
Q

What do enhancer elements do?

A

Speed up the rate of RNA pol II-GTF complex assembly in order to promote transcription from a promoter

30
Q

What can enhancer elements do to chromatin?

A

Open it

31
Q

What can silencer elements do to chromatin?

A

Close it

SL12003 Genetics (12 decks)

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