Nomenclature- naming organic compounds Flashcards
AQA A-Level Chemistry - Nomenclature
Who created the system for naming organic compounds?
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
Why does everyone follow the IUPAC rule?
So that it can be understood universally
What is the root of a hydrocarbon chain?
The longest, unbranched hydrocarbon chain or ring of that molecule
What are the first 10 roots in naming organic compounds?
meth eth prop but pent hept oct non dec
Are side chains known by prefixes or suffixes?
Prefixes
What are the first 5 types of alkane side chains?
Methyl propyl ethyl butyl pentyl
What prefix do hydrocarbon rings have?
cyclo
What are the 7 functional groups?
Alkanes Alkenes Halogenoalkanes Alcohols Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic acids
What is the suffix for alkanes?
-ane
What is the suffix for alkenes?
-ene
What is the suffix for alcohols?
-ol
What is the suffix for aldehydes?
-al
What is the suffix for ketones?
-one
What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?
-oic acid
draw the formula for an alkane
CnH2n+2
draw the formula for an alkenes
R-CH=CH-R
draw the formula for a halogenoalkane
R-X (X = F,Cl,Br or I)
draw the formula for an alcohol
R-0H
What is the prefix for a halogenoalkane?
flouro, chloro, iodo or bromo (the halogens)
What is a structural isomer?
They have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
How are numbers separated in systematic names
with commas ,
How are words and numbers separated in systematic names?
With a hyphen -
If iodo and bromo are in the same chemical compound, which one would you write first when naming it and why?
Bromo would be written before iodo because the substituting groups are put in alphabetical order.
How can you show that you have more than one of the same substituting group? For example more than one iodo in a chain.
You would add the prefixes di-, tri- or tetra- before the substituting group
What is a homologous series?
A family of organic compound with the same functional group, but different carbon chain lengths.
What is a homologous series?
A family of organic compound with the same functional group, but different carbon chain lengths.
What does the length of the carbon chain affect?
Physical properties such as melting points, boiling points and solubility
Melting and boiling points of the chains increase when what happens?
As the number of carbon atoms in the chain increase
Why does the melting and boiling point of the chain increase as the number of carbon atoms increase.
the intermolecular forces increase.
Small molecules of hydrocarbon are generally in what state?
gases
Larger molecules of hydocarbon are generally in what state?
liquids or solids
Why does chain branching reduce the melting point?
because the molecules pack together less well
Draw the displayed formula for the first 5 alkanes
Draw the displayed formula for ethene, propene, but-1-ene and but-2-ene
Draw the displayed formula for 2-chloropropane
Draw the displayed formula for methanol, ethanol and propan-1-ol
Draw the displayed formula for methylpropanal, 2,2-dimethylbutanal and butanal
Draw the displayed formula for propanone, butanone and 3-methylpentanone
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Draw the displayed formula for butanoic acid
