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AQA chemistry (11, Introduction to organic chemistry) > Nomenclature- naming organic compounds > Flashcards

Nomenclature- naming organic compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

AQA A-Level Chemistry - Nomenclature

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2
Q

Who created the system for naming organic compounds?

A

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

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3
Q

Why does everyone follow the IUPAC rule?

A

So that it can be understood universally

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4
Q

What is the root of a hydrocarbon chain?

A

The longest, unbranched hydrocarbon chain or ring of that molecule

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5
Q

What are the first 10 roots in naming organic compounds?

A

meth eth prop but pent hept oct non dec

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6
Q

Are side chains known by prefixes or suffixes?

A

Prefixes

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7
Q

What are the first 5 types of alkane side chains?

A

Methyl propyl ethyl butyl pentyl

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8
Q

What prefix do hydrocarbon rings have?

A

cyclo

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9
Q

What are the 7 functional groups?

A

Alkanes Alkenes Halogenoalkanes Alcohols Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic acids

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10
Q

What is the suffix for alkanes?

A

-ane

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11
Q

What is the suffix for alkenes?

A

-ene

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12
Q

What is the suffix for alcohols?

A

-ol

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13
Q

What is the suffix for aldehydes?

A

-al

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14
Q

What is the suffix for ketones?

A

-one

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15
Q

What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

A

-oic acid

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16
Q

draw the formula for an alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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17
Q

draw the formula for an alkenes

A

R-CH=CH-R

18
Q

draw the formula for a halogenoalkane

A

R-X (X = F,Cl,Br or I)

19
Q

draw the formula for an alcohol

A

R-0H

20
Q

What is the prefix for a halogenoalkane?

A

flouro, chloro, iodo or bromo (the halogens)

21
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

They have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

22
Q

How are numbers separated in systematic names

A

with commas ,

23
Q

How are words and numbers separated in systematic names?

A

With a hyphen -

24
Q

If iodo and bromo are in the same chemical compound, which one would you write first when naming it and why?

A

Bromo would be written before iodo because the substituting groups are put in alphabetical order.

25
Q

How can you show that you have more than one of the same substituting group? For example more than one iodo in a chain.

A

You would add the prefixes di-, tri- or tetra- before the substituting group

26
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A family of organic compound with the same functional group, but different carbon chain lengths.

27
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A family of organic compound with the same functional group, but different carbon chain lengths.

28
Q

What does the length of the carbon chain affect?

A

Physical properties such as melting points, boiling points and solubility

29
Q

Melting and boiling points of the chains increase when what happens?

A

As the number of carbon atoms in the chain increase

30
Q

Why does the melting and boiling point of the chain increase as the number of carbon atoms increase.

A

the intermolecular forces increase.

31
Q

Small molecules of hydrocarbon are generally in what state?

A

gases

32
Q

Larger molecules of hydocarbon are generally in what state?

A

liquids or solids

33
Q

Why does chain branching reduce the melting point?

A

because the molecules pack together less well

34
Q

Draw the displayed formula for the first 5 alkanes

A
35
Q

Draw the displayed formula for ethene, propene, but-1-ene and but-2-ene

A
36
Q

Draw the displayed formula for 2-chloropropane

A
37
Q

Draw the displayed formula for methanol, ethanol and propan-1-ol

A
38
Q

Draw the displayed formula for methylpropanal, 2,2-dimethylbutanal and butanal

A
39
Q

Draw the displayed formula for propanone, butanone and 3-methylpentanone

A

w

40
Q

Draw the displayed formula for butanoic acid

A

AQA chemistry (11, Introduction to organic chemistry) (4 decks)

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