Carbon compounds Flashcards
What is the definition of organic?
relating to or derived from living matter.
A carbon atom has 4 electrons in its outer shell. What does this mean?
it can form 4 covalent bonds
Carbon-carbon bonds are strong. But are they polar or non-polar?
non-polar
What is meant by an isomerism reaction?
Isomerisation is the process by which one molecule is transformed into another molecule which has exactly the same atoms, but the atoms have a different arrangement
What are the first 10 alkanes?
methane ethane propane butane pentane hexane heptane octane nonane decane
How many carbon-carbon bonds does an alkane have?
1
How many carbon-carbon bonds does an alkene have?
2
How many carbon-carbon bonds does an alkyne have?
3
What is the empirical formula?
A formula that shows the simplest ration of the atoms of each element present in a compound.
What is the empirical formula for ethane?
CH3
What is the molecular formula?
The formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in the molecule
How do you find the molecular formula?
The empirical formula
the relative molecular mass of the empirical formula
The relative molecular mass of the molecule
What is the molecular formula of pentane?
C5H12
What is the displayed formula?
It shows every atom and every bond in the molecule
What is the structural formula?
The unique arrangement of atoms in a molecule in a simplified form, without showing all the bonds.
What is the structural formula for butane?
CH3CH2CH2CH3
What is the structural formula for ethane?
CH3CH3
What is the structural formula for propanol
CH3CH2CH2OH
How would you show the branches in a carbon chain in a structural formula?
(in brackets)
For example the structure below would be written as..
CH3CH(CH3)CH3
When would you use a skeletal formula?
When drawing more complex structures of carbon compounds
What is a skeletal formula?
straight lines represent carbon-carbon bonds, and the carbon atoms are assumed to be where the bonds meet. An extra line is drawn to represent a double carbon bond. None of the hydrogen atoms are drawn. However, all functional groups must be added.
What is a skeletal formula?
straight lines represent carbon-carbon bonds, and the carbon atoms are assumed to be where the bonds meet. An extra line is drawn to represent a double carbon bond. None of the hydrogen atoms are drawn. However, all functional groups must be added.
What is a three-dimensional structural formula?
It shows the three-dimensional structure of a model.
How would you show that bonds are coming out of the paper when drawing a three-dimensional structural formula?
With wedges
How would you show that bonds are going into the paper when drawing a three-dimensional structural formula?
With dotted lines
How would you show that bonds are going into the paper when drawing a three-dimensional structural formula?
With dotted lines
What is a polar bond?
a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed. This causes the molecule to have a slight electrical dipole moment where one end is slightly positive and the other is slightly negative.
