Nomenclature and isomerism

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms only.

Question 2

Saturated

Answer 2

Contain single carbon-carbon bonds only.

Question 3

Molecular formula

Answer 3

The formula which shows the actual number of each type of atom.

Question 4

Unsaturated

Answer 4

Contains carbon=carbon double bonds.

Question 5

Empirical formula

Answer 5

Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound.

Question 6

General formula

Answer 6

Algebraic formula for a homologous series.

Question 7

Displayed formula

Answer 7

Shows all the covalent bonds present in a molecule.

Question 8

Functional group

Answer 8

An atom/group of atoms which, when present in different molecules, causes them to have similar properties.

Question 9

Structural isomers

Answer 9

Same molecular formula, different structures/structural formulae.

Question 10

Chain isomers

Answer 10

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures of the carbon skeleton.

Question 11

Position isomers

Answer 11

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions of the same functional group on the same carbon skeleton.

Question 12

Functional group isomers

Answer 12

Compounds with the same molecular formula but with atoms arranged to give different functional groups.

Question 13

Stereoisomers

Answer 13

Have the same structural formulae but their atoms are arranged differently in space.

Question 14

Optical isomerism

Answer 14

Occurs in carbon compounds with 4 different groups of atoms attached to a central carbon atom.

Question 15

Racemate/Racemic mixture

Answer 15

Mixture containing equal amounts of two enantiomers.