Nomenclature and Functional Groups

Question 1

What is a functional Group

Answer 1

part of the molecule where most of its chemical reaction occurs. It determines a compound chemical properties in addition to many chemical properties.

Question 2

What are alkyl groups

Answer 2

non aeromatic hydrocarbon groups that would be obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane

Question 3

whats an aryl group

Answer 3

aromatic hydrocarbon group derived from arena by removal of hydrogen carbon. Symbol [Ar]

Question 4

whats an akanoyl

Answer 4

(alkyl + carbonyl) also referred as acyl group

Question 5

what reagent is used to oxidize an alcohol to an aldehyde

Answer 5

PCC

Question 6

what reagent is used to reduce a ketone to a secondary alcohol

Answer 6

NaBH4 (sodium borohydride)

Question 7

What are nucleophiles

Answer 7

“things that love nuclei”. Nuclei are + charged therefore nucleophiles are - charged.

Question 8

What are electophiles

Answer 8

“love electrons”. they are positively charged.

Question 9

What are locants in IUPAC naming

Answer 9

locants are the numbers that tell where the principal functional group and substituents are located on the main chain or ring.

Question 10

What are substituent prefixes in IUPAC naming

Answer 10

identify subtituent prefixes on the main chain or ring

Question 11

what is the parent in IUPAC naming

Answer 11

identifies the size of the main chain or ring

Question 12

what is a suffix in IUPAC naming

Answer 12

identifies the compound principal functional group

Question 13

steps for naming a compound

Answer 13

1. ID longest carbon chain containing principal functional group.
2. ID all substituents
3. Number carbon chain so that the principal functional group receives the lowest number. For alkanes number so that substituents get lowest number.
4. Arrange substituent prefixes in alphabetical order and attach them to longest carbon chain.