nomenclature

Question 1

methane

Answer 1

CH4

Question 2

ethane

Answer 2

C2H6

Question 3

propane

Answer 3

C3H8

Question 4

butane

Answer 4

C4H10

Question 5

pentane

Answer 5

C5H12

Question 6

hexane

Answer 6

C6H14

Question 7

heptane

Answer 7

C7H16

Question 8

octane

Answer 8

C8H18

Question 9

methyl

Answer 9

CH3 (branch)

Question 10

ethyl

Answer 10

C2H5 / CH2CH3 (branch)

Question 11

propyl

Answer 11

C3H7 / CH2CH2CH3 (branch)

Question 12

butyl

Answer 12

C4H9 (branch)

Question 13

alkanes general formula

Answer 13

CnH2n+2

Question 14

alkenes

Answer 14

CnH2n

Question 15

alcohols

Answer 15

CnH2n+1OH

Question 16

saturated

Answer 16

have no double bonds

Question 17

hydrocarbons

Answer 17

molecules made of carbon and hydrogen atoms only

Question 18

fractional distillation

Answer 18

crude oil separated into fractions by boiling points

Question 19

fractions

Answer 19

groups of similar hydrocarbons

Question 20

fuels

Answer 20

compounds burnt to release energy

Question 21

complete combustion of alkanes

Answer 21

excess oxygen
products: CO2 + H2O

Question 22

incomplete combustion of alkanes

Answer 22

insufficient oxygen
products: CO + C + H2O

Question 23

CO2

Answer 23

greenhouse gas
absorbs infrared radiation emitted from earths surface

Question 24

acid rain - sulfur

Answer 24

(if not removed from fraction)
sulfure dioxide forms
causes acid rain

Question 25

acid rain - nitrogen

Answer 25

nitrogen and oxygen in combustion engine combine

Question 26

catalytic converters

Answer 26

removal of nitrogen oxides
catalysts used = platinum, palladium, rhodium

Question 27

thermal cracking

Answer 27

uses heat to provide energy needed to break C - C and C- H bonds

alkanes heated in no air and at high temp

products - short alkenes

Question 28

catalytic cracking

Answer 28

carried out at lower temps
catalyst = zeolite

products - aromatic and branched hydrocarbons