last min Flashcards
What is the definition of a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
True or False: Ionic bonds occur between metals and non-metals.
True
Fill in the blank: The type of bonding that occurs when electrons are transferred from one atom to another is called __________.
ionic bonding
What is the primary characteristic of metallic bonding?
Metallic bonding is characterized by a sea of delocalized electrons that are free to move around, allowing metals to conduct electricity.
Which type of bond is typically formed between two nonmetals?
Covalent bond
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?
Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of an ionic compound? A) H2O B) NaCl C) CO2 D) CH4
B) NaCl
What is the term used to describe the energy required to break a bond?
Bond dissociation energy
True or False: All ionic compounds are soluble in water.
False
What is the VSEPR theory used for?
VSEPR theory is used to predict the shape of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs.
Fill in the blank: A molecule with a tetrahedral shape has __________ bonding pairs of electrons around the central atom.
four
What is the bond angle in a trigonal planar molecule?
120 degrees
Which type of bond is characterized by overlapping p orbitals?
Pi bond
Multiple Choice: Which of the following molecules has a linear shape? A) NH3 B) CO2 C) H2O D) CH4
B) CO2
What type of intermolecular force is present in polar molecules?
Dipole-dipole interactions
True or False: Hydrogen bonds are a type of dipole-dipole interaction.
True
What is the octet rule?
The octet rule states that atoms tend to form bonds in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell.
Fill in the blank: The shape of a molecule can be determined using __________ theory.
VSEPR
What is the significance of resonance structures?
Resonance structures demonstrate that some molecules can be represented by two or more valid Lewis structures.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of ionic compounds? A) High melting points B) Poor conductivity in solid state C) Brittle D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What type of bond forms between two atoms of the same element?
Nonpolar covalent bond
True or False: A molecule with a symmetrical shape is always nonpolar.
False
What is the formula for calculating formal charge?
Formal charge = Valence electrons - (Nonbonding electrons + 1/2 Bonding electrons)
Fill in the blank: The __________ of an atom is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus.
atomic number
What type of hybridization is present in methane (CH4)?
sp3 hybridization
Multiple Choice: Which of the following has the highest electronegativity? A) F B) Cl C) Br D) I
A) F
