nomenclature

Question 1

what is nomenclature?

Answer 1

system of naming compounds- molecules are named according to the rules set down by IUPAC

Question 2

what are the IUPAC rules for naming compounds?

Answer 2

1. Stem
2. Prefix
3. Suffix

Question 3

what does the stem of the IUPAC name tell us?

Answer 3

the number of carbons in the longest chain containing the functional group

Question 4

what does the prefix of the IUPAC name do?

Answer 4

added before the stem
tells us the position of the side chains or functional group
side chains are often alkyl groups

Question 5

what does the suffix of the IUPAC name do?

Answer 5

added to the end of the stem
tells us the type of functional group present

Question 6

give examples of the stem names?

Answer 6

1 carbon = meth-
2 carbons = eth-
3 carbons= prop-
4 carbons = but-

Question 7

give examples of suffixes based on functional group?

Answer 7

alkene -ene
alkane -ane
amine - amine
alcohol -ol
ester -oate
carboxylic acid -oic acid

Question 8

what is the rule for naming alkenes with 4 or more carbons?

Answer 8

the position of the C to C double bond must be indicated

Question 9

what is different about naming geometric isomer alkenes?

Answer 9

just put a Z or E infront

Question 10

what is the order for naming compounds?

Answer 10

1. find the longest continuous carbon chain which includes the functional group
2. the main functional group tells you the suffix e.g. ane
3. number the carbons in the longest continuous chain so that the carbon with the main functional group attached has the lowest possible number
4. any side chains or less important functional groups are added as a prefix- put these in alphabetical order
5. if there’s more than one identical side-chain or functional group, use di, tri or tetra

Question 11

what is the general formula for cyclic alkanes and how do we name them?

Answer 11

CnH2n (2 hydrogens are lost when the cyclic structure is formed)
add cyclo as a prefix

Question 12

what is the general formula for alcohols?

Answer 12

Cn H2n+2 O
functional group -OH

Question 13

what are the ways of classifying alcohols?

Answer 13

Primary, secondary or tertiary

Question 14

what is the difference between primary secondary and tertiary alcohols?

Answer 14

Primary has 1 R group, OH and 2 Hydrogens bonded to the central C

Secondary has 2 R groups, OH and 1 hydrogen bonded to the central C

Tertiary has 3 R groups, OH and 0 hydrogens bonded to the central C

Question 15

what are the rules for naming alcohols?

Answer 15

-if there are 3 or more carbons, indicate where the functional group is
-ending with -ol e.g. butanol

Question 16

what is the general formula for halogenoalkanes?

Answer 16

Cn H2n+1 X
where X = F, Cl, Br, or I

Question 17

what are the prefixes for halogenoalkanes?

Answer 17

fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo