isomerism

Question 1

what are structural isomers?

Answer 1

have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Question 2

what are the 3 types of structural isomerism?

Answer 2

-chain
-positional
-functional group

Question 3

what are chain isomers?

Answer 3

same molecular formula but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton

Question 4

what are positional isomers?

Answer 4

same molecular fomula but different position of the functional group on the carbon skeleton

Question 5

what are functional group isomers?

Answer 5

same molecular formula but different functional group

Question 6

what are stereoisomers?

Answer 6

have the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 7

what are the conditions for geometric stereoisomerism?

Answer 7

-must have a C to C double bond (alkene)
-each carbon atom needs to have a different one bonded to it

Question 8

how can stereoisomers come about?

Answer 8

restricted rotation around the C to C double bond

Question 9

what are the two types of geometric stereoisomers?

Answer 9

1. E- priority groups are opposite the double bond
2. Z- priority groups are on the same side (zame zide) of the double bond

Question 10

how do we assign priority to E and Z stereoisomers?

Answer 10

1. number each carbon in the double bond 1 and 2
2. Calculate the atomic number of the first element bonded directly to the double bond
3. the atom with the highest atomic number is assigned priority- if the atoms are the same, keep moving along the chain until there is a difference