Nomenclature

Question 1

What is the empircal formula

Answer 1

Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound

E.g ethane would be CH3 usually it is c2h6 but it is then simplified

Question 2

What is the molecular formula

Answer 2

Counting the number of atoms present in a compound

For example the moleculaer formula of ethane would be c2h6

Question 3

What is the structural formula

Answer 3

When each carbon is written separately with the atoms or groups attatched to it
Also any branches are written in brackets

For example pentane would be CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

Question 4

What is the displayed formula

Answer 4

Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

Basically drawing out a compound

Question 5

What is the skeletal formula

Answer 5

Shows the simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.

Question 6

What is the molecular formula of Methyl all the way to Butyl

Answer 6

C1H3
C2H5
C3H7
C4H9

Question 7

What are ring molecules called

Answer 7

Cyclo

Question 8

Define functional group

Answer 8

An atom or group of atoms which when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties

Question 9

Tell me the prefixes of the Halogenoalkanes

Answer 9

Fluoro
Chloro
Bromo
Iodo

Question 10

Define homologous series

Answer 10

A family of organic compounds with the same functional group but diff carbon chain length

Question 11

How does the length of the hydrocarbon chain effect the homoglous series

Answer 11

The longer the chain the increase in melting and boiling points viscosity but lower flammibility
Also the longer it is the less reactive it is

Question 12

What are the charcteristics of homologous series

Answer 12

• The same general formula.
• Same functional group.
• Similar chemical properties.
• Gradation in their physical properties, such as melting and boiling point.
• The difference in the molecular formula between one member and the next is CH2

Question 13

Will a functional group or a branch take precedence in giving the lowest number in a chain?

Answer 13

The functional groups take precedence over branched
(As in when naming you find the smallest carbon chain length to the functional group)

Question 14

What are the prefixes for when there are two or more of the same groups,

Answer 14

di-, tri- , tetra-, penta- or hexa

Question 15

What happens if there is more than one functional group or side chain,

Answer 15

the
groups are listed in alphabetical order (ignoring any di, tri).

Question 16

What are the rules of naming a compound

Answer 16

1. Count the longest C chain to decide prefix
2. Look for a functional group to decide the suffix
3. Number the functional group
4. Look for any branches
5. Number the branches
6. Put it all together in ALPHEBETICAL order