Isomerism Flashcards
Define isomer
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but the atoms are arranged differnetly
What are the two types of isomers
Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
Define structural isomerism
Same molecular formula but different structural formulae
What are the three types of strcutrua; isomerism
Functional
Positional
CHain
What is chain isomerism
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different
structures of the carbon skeleton
e.g. butan1ol to 2methylpropanol
What is Functional isomerism
Compounds with the same molecular formula but with
atoms arranged to give different functional groups
For example:
Ethanol——>methoxymethane
What is positional isomerism
The same functional group attatched to the main chain at differnet points
for example1 chloropropane —> 2chloropropane
What is Stereoisomerism
The same strutcural formula but differ in arrangements of the bonds
What are the two types of stereoisomerism
Optical isomerism
E-Z isomerism
What is E-Z isomerism
It tells you abt the positions of the subsitituents at either side of a C=C double bond
E=opposite side
Z= the two subsitituents are on the saem side
Why do E-Z isomers exist
Due to restricted rotation about the C=C bond
When do E-Z Isomers arise
When there is restricted rotation around the c=c bond
There are two different groups/atoms attached both ends of the double bond
Which group would be the priority group
The atom with the bigger atomic number is classed as the priority atom
If the atoms are the same look at the next group
How do E-Z isomerisms differ
Different boiling point
Which isomer out of Z and E has the higher boiling point and why
Z has the higher boiling point as it is a polar molecule so it has dipole dipole and van der waals whereas in E it only has Van der waals and is non polar
